{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2067833954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1986.1663285","title":"Expert Systems in the SDI Environment","display_name":"Expert Systems in the SDI Environment","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2067833954","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1986.1663285","mag":"2067833954"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.1986.1663285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1986.1663285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yi-Tzuu Chien","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1311060795","display_name":"U.S. National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi-Tzuu Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Computer Research, National Science Foundation, Washington D.C., DC, USA","National Science Foundation"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Computer Research, National Science Foundation, Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Science Foundation","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1311060795"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097964165","display_name":"Liebowitz","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I193531525","display_name":"George Washington University","ror":"https://ror.org/00y4zzh67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Liebowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Management Science, George Washington University, Washington D.C., DC, USA","The George Washington University Washington, DC"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Management Science, George Washington University, Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The George Washington University Washington, DC","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I193531525"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1774,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.84627167,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":"7","first_page":"115","last_page":"122"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10906","display_name":"AI-based Problem Solving and Planning","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11986","display_name":"Scientific Computing and Data Management","score":0.9593999981880188,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1802","display_name":"Information Systems and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12888","display_name":"Military Strategy and Technology","score":0.9380999803543091,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7865712642669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expert-system","display_name":"Expert system","score":0.6166712045669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.589712917804718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subject-matter-expert","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","score":0.5074161887168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/battle","display_name":"Battle","score":0.4812186062335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.4738134443759918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.41974759101867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systems-engineering","display_name":"Systems engineering","score":0.4158567190170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/risk-analysis","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","score":0.4005574584007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.3562815189361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34192514419555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3357788920402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.32712942361831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.20196321606636047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10670694708824158}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7865712642669678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58328972","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184609","display_name":"Expert system","level":2,"score":0.6166712045669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.589712917804718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105002631","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4833645","display_name":"Subject-matter expert","level":3,"score":0.5074161887168884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778627824","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178561","display_name":"Battle","level":2,"score":0.4812186062335968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4738134443759918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.41974759101867676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201995342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q682496","display_name":"Systems engineering","level":1,"score":0.4158567190170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112930515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4389547","display_name":"Risk analysis (engineering)","level":1,"score":0.4005574584007263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.3562815189361572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34192514419555664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3357788920402527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.32712942361831665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.20196321606636047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10670694708824158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.1986.1663285","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1986.1663285","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6200000047683716,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.4099999964237213,"display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W272189854","https://openalex.org/W293988339","https://openalex.org/W1635621919","https://openalex.org/W1920367293","https://openalex.org/W1968833464","https://openalex.org/W1977576019","https://openalex.org/W1995143236","https://openalex.org/W2004014724","https://openalex.org/W2023542619","https://openalex.org/W2039358567","https://openalex.org/W2092408350","https://openalex.org/W2092826572","https://openalex.org/W2731648457","https://openalex.org/W2790480570","https://openalex.org/W3093981756","https://openalex.org/W6685813792"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124618300","https://openalex.org/W4251129740","https://openalex.org/W4289529465","https://openalex.org/W1983574532","https://openalex.org/W1752292405","https://openalex.org/W2038540893","https://openalex.org/W2036908429","https://openalex.org/W2277666011","https://openalex.org/W2279978373","https://openalex.org/W4235667779"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Much":[0],"work":[1],"is":[2,58],"needed":[3,59],"to":[4,9,30,32,62],"advance":[5],"technology":[6],"in":[7,93],"order":[8],"meet":[10,101],"the":[11,17,28,33,89],"complexities":[12],"and":[13,52,75,77,96],"challenges":[14],"posed":[15],"by":[16],"Strategic":[18],"Defense":[19],"Initiative.":[20],"Expert":[21],"systems":[22,95],"are":[23,41],"one":[24],"alternative":[25],"that":[26],"have":[27],"potential":[29],"contribute":[31],"SDI":[34,81],"goals.":[35],"Some":[36],"of":[37],"these":[38,102],"application":[39],"areas":[40],"discussed,":[42],"namely":[43],"software":[44],"requirements":[45],"development,":[46],"multisensor":[47],"information":[48],"integration,":[49],"battle":[50],"management,":[51],"distributed":[53],"problem":[54,86],"solving.":[55],"More":[56],"research":[57],"on":[60],"how":[61],"cope":[63],"with":[64],"evolving":[65],"requirements,":[66],"weapon/target":[67],"discrimination,":[68],"uncertainty,":[69],"tremendous":[70],"time":[71],"constraints,":[72],"processing":[73],"speed":[74],"computations,":[76],"other":[78],"areas.":[79],"The":[80],"environment":[82],"presents":[83],"a":[84],"challenging":[85],"domain":[87],"for":[88],"coming":[90],"years.":[91],"Advances":[92],"expert":[94],"artificial":[97],"intelligence":[98],"will":[99],"help":[100],"challenges.":[103]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}