{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2129726716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1985.1662923","title":"Multiprocessor supercomputers for scientific/engineering applications","display_name":"Multiprocessor supercomputers for scientific/engineering applications","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2129726716","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1985.1662923","mag":"2129726716"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.1985.1662923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1985.1662923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103001853","display_name":"Kai Hwang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2673-4953"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800817003","display_name":"Southern California University for Professional Studies","ror":"https://ror.org/058zz0t50","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Kai Hwang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","University of Southern California"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Research Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800817003","https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103001853"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212","https://openalex.org/I2800817003"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.5648,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98133803,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"6","first_page":"57","last_page":"73"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10904","display_name":"Embedded Systems Design Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8539339303970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiprocessing","display_name":"Multiprocessing","score":0.643579363822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.4612298309803009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.41124480962753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-architecture","display_name":"Computer architecture","score":0.3695381283760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.3578926920890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3368263840675354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8539339303970337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4822641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846651","display_name":"Multiprocessing","level":2,"score":0.643579363822937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.4612298309803009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.41124480962753296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118524514","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173212","display_name":"Computer architecture","level":1,"score":0.3695381283760071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.3578926920890808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3368263840675354}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.1985.1662923","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1985.1662923","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":39,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W28442029","https://openalex.org/W70437322","https://openalex.org/W126875759","https://openalex.org/W239283595","https://openalex.org/W1509443229","https://openalex.org/W1555673550","https://openalex.org/W1580491157","https://openalex.org/W1964549096","https://openalex.org/W1964602554","https://openalex.org/W1967601063","https://openalex.org/W1974106274","https://openalex.org/W2001037699","https://openalex.org/W2002810761","https://openalex.org/W2003153196","https://openalex.org/W2009055506","https://openalex.org/W2009673803","https://openalex.org/W2010556856","https://openalex.org/W2020446785","https://openalex.org/W2022841034","https://openalex.org/W2023633366","https://openalex.org/W2024969515","https://openalex.org/W2026848290","https://openalex.org/W2027486709","https://openalex.org/W2031839891","https://openalex.org/W2044541490","https://openalex.org/W2048837143","https://openalex.org/W2061625178","https://openalex.org/W2095531503","https://openalex.org/W2111670528","https://openalex.org/W2126197549","https://openalex.org/W2135244911","https://openalex.org/W2138245082","https://openalex.org/W2143879657","https://openalex.org/W4206658214","https://openalex.org/W4241356613","https://openalex.org/W6605149147","https://openalex.org/W6630562399","https://openalex.org/W6634522178","https://openalex.org/W6662749236"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980880150","https://openalex.org/W1599154403","https://openalex.org/W325986762","https://openalex.org/W1809394610","https://openalex.org/W2123607806","https://openalex.org/W2159088946","https://openalex.org/W2092845486","https://openalex.org/W2509294597","https://openalex.org/W2148915962","https://openalex.org/W4237297230"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Supercomputers,":[0],"the":[1,120],"fastest":[2],"computers":[3],"available,":[4],"are":[5],"playing":[6],"a":[7,18,22,39,47,77],"major":[8],"role":[9],"in":[10,62,69,85,105,127],"advancing":[11],"human":[12],"civilization.":[13],"Based":[14],"on":[15],"today's":[16],"technology,":[17],"computer":[19],"is":[20],"considered":[21],"supermachine":[23],"if":[24],"it":[25],"can":[26],"perform":[27],"hundreds":[28],"of":[29,31,42,51,53,57,122],"milllions":[30],"floating-point":[32],"operations":[33],"per":[34],"second":[35],"(100":[36],"M-Flops)":[37],"with":[38],"word":[40],"length":[41],"approximately":[43],"64":[44],"bits":[45],"and":[46,97,110,112,129,135,139],"main":[48],"memory":[49],"capacity":[50],"millions":[52],"words.":[54],"The":[55,116],"value":[56],"supercomputers":[58,67,81,101,134],"has":[59],"been":[60],"identified":[61],"three":[63],"general":[64,92],"areas:":[65],"(1)":[66],"aid":[68],"knowledge":[70],"acquisition":[71],"by":[72],"processing":[73],"complex":[74],"data":[75],"within":[76],"reasonable":[78],"time.":[79],"(2)":[80],"provide":[82],"computational":[83],"tractability":[84],"instrumentation,":[86],"predictive":[87],"simulations,":[88],"energy":[89],"resource":[90],"exploration,":[91],"circulation":[93],"modeling,":[94],"weapons":[95],"effects,":[96],"atmospheric":[98],"testing.":[99],"(3)":[100],"promote":[102],"productivity,":[103],"as":[104],"system":[106],"optimization,":[107],"computeraided":[108],"design":[109],"manufacturing,":[111],"VLSI":[113],"circuit":[114],"design.":[115],"author":[117],"briefly":[118],"reviews":[119],"evolution":[121],"supercomputers,":[123],"then":[124],"discusses":[125],"supercomputing":[126],"science":[128],"engineering.":[130],"He":[131],"considers":[132,141],"multiprocessing":[133],"exploratory":[136],"research":[137],"multiprocessors":[138],"finally":[140],"future":[142],"directions.":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}