{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2036312632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1985.1662682","title":"Beta: An Automatic Kana-Kanji Translation System","display_name":"Beta: An Automatic Kana-Kanji Translation System","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2036312632","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1985.1662682","mag":"2036312632"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.1985.1662682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1985.1662682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062857945","display_name":"Makino","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98285908","display_name":"The University of Osaka","ror":"https://ror.org/035t8zc32","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Makino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Osaka University, Japan","Osaka University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Osaka University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5062857945"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98285908"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4767,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86530578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"46","last_page":"52"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9478999972343445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9478999972343445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.9176999926567078,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kana","display_name":"Kana","score":0.9669356346130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kanji","display_name":"Kanji","score":0.8970645666122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8421061038970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/translation","display_name":"Translation (biology)","score":0.5398070812225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-translation","display_name":"Machine translation","score":0.5252622961997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4794813096523285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46989700198173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.421854168176651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chinese-characters","display_name":"Chinese characters","score":0.062904953956604}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158885319","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187659","display_name":"Kana","level":4,"score":0.9669356346130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83535845","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82772","display_name":"Kanji","level":3,"score":0.8970645666122437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8421061038970947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149364088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185917","display_name":"Translation (biology)","level":4,"score":0.5398070812225342},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203005215","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q79798","display_name":"Machine translation","level":2,"score":0.5252622961997986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4794813096523285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46989700198173523},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.421854168176651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781051154","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8201","display_name":"Chinese characters","level":2,"score":0.062904953956604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105580179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188928","display_name":"Messenger RNA","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.1985.1662682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1985.1662682","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.4300000071525574}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2036312632","https://openalex.org/W2066265183"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W579363986","https://openalex.org/W1490619519","https://openalex.org/W602395646","https://openalex.org/W56390667","https://openalex.org/W2005219188","https://openalex.org/W173710554","https://openalex.org/W3046887381","https://openalex.org/W2295229969","https://openalex.org/W2108724349","https://openalex.org/W1533639946"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
