{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1997820830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1985.1662678","title":"The Input and Output of Chinese and Japanese Characters","display_name":"The Input and Output of Chinese and Japanese Characters","publication_year":1985,"publication_date":"1985-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1997820830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1985.1662678","mag":"1997820830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.1985.1662678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1985.1662678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5097718230","display_name":"Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192703390","display_name":"Ming Chuan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02pgvzy25","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192703390"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ming Chuan College, Taipei, Taiwan","Ming Chuan College Taipei"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Chuan College, Taipei, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192703390"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ming Chuan College Taipei","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192703390"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5097718230"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192703390"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0807,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95352671,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"18","issue":"1","first_page":"18","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14274","display_name":"Education and Vocational Training","score":0.23999999463558197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14274","display_name":"Education and Vocational Training","score":0.23999999463558197,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14290","display_name":"Education Methods and Practices","score":0.22630000114440918,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13836","display_name":"Educational Research and Pedagogy","score":0.22509999573230743,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.805018424987793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.805018424987793}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.1985.1662678","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1985.1662678","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4300000071525574,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","display_name":"Quality Education"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W2382290278","https://openalex.org/W2478288626","https://openalex.org/W4391913857","https://openalex.org/W2350741829","https://openalex.org/W2530322880"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,13],"complexity":[1],"of":[2,15,43,59,113,120,132,149,162,169,188,207],"Chinese":[3,53,150,201],"characters":[4,133,151,163],"has":[5,37],"presented":[6],"major":[7],"obstacles":[8],"to":[9,39,50,70,183,219,226,245],"modern":[10],"international":[11],"communication.":[12],"lack":[14],"a":[16,124],"system":[17],"for":[18,200],"manipulating":[19],"and":[20,26,34,54,66,90,126,152,195,202,237],"entering":[21],"more":[22,234],"than":[23,76,155],"50,000":[24],"monosyllabic":[25],"nonalphabetic":[27],"symbols":[28,121],"on":[29,104,109,117,129],"computers,":[30],"typewriters,":[31],"printing":[32],"presses,":[33],"the":[35,44,57,62,110,118,130,146,158,167,172,185,192,213],"telex":[36],"led":[38],"many":[40],"problems.":[41],"One":[42],"primary":[45],"difficulties":[46],"encountered":[47,143],"in":[48,80,86,144,156,166,222],"attempts":[49],"computerize":[51],"both":[52],"Japanese":[55,153,203],"is":[56],"encoding":[58],"characters.":[60],"During":[61],"past":[63],"century,":[64],"scholars":[65],"experts":[67],"have":[68,83],"struggled":[69],"devise":[71],"new":[72],"coding":[73],"systems.":[74],"More":[75,216],"100":[77],"methods":[78],"(30":[79],"Taiwan":[81],"alone)":[82],"been":[84],"released":[85],"their":[87,230],"respective":[88],"homelands":[89],"abroad.":[91],"Roughly":[92],"speaking,":[93],"input":[94,198,224],"systems":[95,199,225],"can":[96],"be":[97,181,220,243],"divided":[98],"into":[99,134],"four":[100],"categories:":[101],"those":[102,107,115,127],"based":[103,108,116,128],"whole":[105],"characters,":[106,114],"phonetic":[111],"value":[112],"arrangement":[119],"(radicals)":[122],"within":[123],"character,":[125],"division":[131],"radicals":[135],"or":[136,177],"similar":[137],"patterns.":[138],"There":[139],"are":[140,164,204,210],"fewer":[141],"problems":[142],"processing":[145],"computer":[147],"output":[148,173],"kanji":[154],"formulating":[157],"input.":[159],"Since":[160],"images":[161],"stored":[165],"form":[168],"dot":[170],"matrices,":[171],"devices":[174],"(either":[175],"printers":[176],"CRT":[178],"displays)":[179],"must":[180],"able":[182],"produce":[184],"same":[186],"type":[187],"images,":[189],"aided":[190],"by":[191],"necessary":[193],"software":[194,238],"firmware.":[196],"Many":[197],"workable.":[205],"All":[206],"them,":[208],"however,":[209],"still":[211],"at":[212],"pioneer":[214],"stage.":[215],"effort":[217],"needs":[218],"invested":[221],"improving":[223],"help":[227],"them":[228],"reach":[229],"full":[231],"potential.":[232],"As":[233],"sophisticated":[235],"hardware":[236],"become":[239],"available,":[240],"it":[241],"will":[242],"possible":[244],"achieve":[246],"this":[247],"aim.":[248]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
