{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2125734554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1983.1654294","title":"Digital signatures: A tutorial survey","display_name":"Digital signatures: A tutorial survey","publication_year":1983,"publication_date":"1983-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2125734554","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1983.1654294","mag":"2125734554"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.1983.1654294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1983.1654294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5098505542","display_name":"Aki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204722609","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Aki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen's University, Ontario, Canada","Queen's University Ontario Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University, Ontario, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen's University Ontario Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5098505542"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204722609"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4265,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":66,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96016352,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"16","issue":"2","first_page":"15","last_page":"24"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10237","display_name":"Cryptography and Data Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11504","display_name":"Advanced Authentication Protocols Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8435348272323608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digital-signature","display_name":"Digital signature","score":0.8033944368362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.6925830841064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/public-key-cryptography","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","score":0.6559361219406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.5844446420669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptosystem","display_name":"Cryptosystem","score":0.5750418305397034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5595664381980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5129815936088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blind-signature","display_name":"Blind signature","score":0.4740923345088959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/id-based-cryptography","display_name":"ID-based cryptography","score":0.4599032402038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key-distribution","display_name":"Key distribution","score":0.17700964212417603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hash-function","display_name":"Hash function","score":0.08491799235343933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8435348272323608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118463975","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220849","display_name":"Digital signature","level":3,"score":0.8033944368362427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.6925830841064453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203062551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201339","display_name":"Public-key cryptography","level":3,"score":0.6559361219406128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5844446420669556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6295992","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q976521","display_name":"Cryptosystem","level":3,"score":0.5750418305397034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5595664381980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5129815936088562},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18899389","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2736593","display_name":"Blind signature","level":4,"score":0.4740923345088959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19150895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q582616","display_name":"ID-based cryptography","level":5,"score":0.4599032402038574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160333310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6398153","display_name":"Key distribution","level":4,"score":0.17700964212417603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99138194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183427","display_name":"Hash function","level":2,"score":0.08491799235343933}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mc.1983.1654294","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mc.1983.1654294","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S178916657","display_name":"Computer","issn_l":"0018-9162","issn":["0018-9162","1558-0814"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320439","host_organization_name":"IEEE Computer Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320439","https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["IEEE Computer Society","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Computer","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W613126035","https://openalex.org/W1568804695","https://openalex.org/W1882297107","https://openalex.org/W1981816975","https://openalex.org/W1990333236","https://openalex.org/W1996360405","https://openalex.org/W2005725110","https://openalex.org/W2040868804","https://openalex.org/W2146973388","https://openalex.org/W2156186849","https://openalex.org/W2320115120","https://openalex.org/W4232836212"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2290466083","https://openalex.org/W2362904663","https://openalex.org/W3082967883","https://openalex.org/W2159003540","https://openalex.org/W6417636","https://openalex.org/W2381636813","https://openalex.org/W49963653","https://openalex.org/W254439514","https://openalex.org/W3128652783","https://openalex.org/W2078916261"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"paper":[1],"gives":[2],"way":[3],"to":[4],"electronic":[5],"mail,":[6],"a":[7,78,103],"secure":[8],"means":[9],"for":[10,39],"validating":[11],"and":[12,45,102],"authenticating":[13],"messages":[14],"is":[15,77],"required.":[16],"The":[17],"answer":[18],"could":[19],"be":[20],"one":[21],"of":[22,48,80,105,115,117],"several":[23,99],"digital":[24,41,74],"signature":[25,75],"schemes.":[26],"In":[27],"the":[28,57,67,84,87,108,113],"last":[29],"few":[30],"years,":[31],"research":[32],"in":[33,83,91],"cryptography":[34],"has":[35],"provided":[36],"various":[37],"methods":[38,50],"generating":[40],"signatures,":[42],"both":[43],"true":[44],"arbitrated.":[46],"Some":[47],"these":[49],"utilize":[51],"conventional":[52],"private-key":[53],"cryptosystems":[54],"such":[55],"as":[56],"Data":[58],"Encryption":[59],"Standard":[60],"(DES),":[61],"while":[62],"others":[63],"are":[64,110],"based":[65],"on":[66,73,107],"so-called":[68],"public-key":[69],"approach.":[70],"This":[71],"article":[72],"schemes":[76],"survey":[79],"work":[81],"done":[82],"area":[85],"since":[86],"concept":[88],"was":[89],"introduced":[90],"1976.":[92],"For":[93],"readers":[94],"unfamiliar":[95],"with":[96],"modern":[97],"cryptology":[98],"overview":[100],"articles":[101],"number":[104],"texts":[106],"subject":[109],"noted":[111],"among":[112],"list":[114],"references":[116],"this":[118],"article.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
