{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2123438830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mass.2003.1194851","title":"Reliability mechanisms for very large storage systems","display_name":"Reliability mechanisms for very large storage systems","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2123438830","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mass.2003.1194851","mag":"2123438830"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mass.2003.1194851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mass.2003.1194851","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"20th IEEE/11th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies, 2003. (MSST 2003). Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050608316","display_name":"Qin Xin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-8538"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Qin Xin","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Univ., Santa Cruz, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Univ., Santa Cruz, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026954004","display_name":"Ethan L. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2994-9060"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.L. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["California Univ., Santa Cruz, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"California Univ., Santa Cruz, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015951140","display_name":"T.J.E. Schwarz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6966-8912"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16269868","display_name":"Santa Clara University","ror":"https://ror.org/03ypqe447","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Schwarz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Santa Clara University, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Santa Clara University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16269868"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029994088","display_name":"Darrell D. E. Long","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0822-0740"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.D.E. Long","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Cruz, USA","University of California, Santa Cruz. USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Cruz, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Cruz. USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001788317","display_name":"Scott Brandt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185103710","display_name":"University of California, Santa Cruz","ror":"https://ror.org/03s65by71","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S.A. Brandt","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of California, Santa Cruz, USA","University of California, Santa Cruz. USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Cruz, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of California, Santa Cruz. USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063763327","display_name":"Witold Litwin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-2999-9704"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56435720","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Dauphine-PSL","ror":"https://ror.org/052bz7812","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2746051580","https://openalex.org/I56435720"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204730241","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Paris Cit\u00e9","ror":"https://ror.org/05f82e368","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Litwin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e9 de Paris IX Dauphine, France","[Universit\u00e9 de Paris IX Dauphine, France]"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e9 de Paris IX Dauphine, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56435720","https://openalex.org/I204730241"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Universit\u00e9 de Paris IX Dauphine, France]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56435720","https://openalex.org/I204730241"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050608316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185103710"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.4167,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":192,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98267208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"146","last_page":"156"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11478","display_name":"Caching and Content Delivery","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raid","display_name":"RAID","score":0.9235258102416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mirroring","display_name":"Mirroring","score":0.9170173406600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8016073703765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7585427761077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.6545736789703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-data-storage","display_name":"Computer data storage","score":0.5654920339584351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4940696060657501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.35672566294670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.18145066499710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09481829404830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.06826663017272949}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133320665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179299","display_name":"RAID","level":2,"score":0.9235258102416992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189645446","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q350865","display_name":"Mirroring","level":2,"score":0.9170173406600952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8016073703765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7585427761077881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.6545736789703369},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194739806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q66221","display_name":"Computer data storage","level":2,"score":0.5654920339584351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4940696060657501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.35672566294670105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.18145066499710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09481829404830933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.06826663017272949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":11,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mass.2003.1194851","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mass.2003.1194851","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"20th IEEE/11th NASA Goddard Conference on Mass Storage Systems and Technologies, 2003. (MSST 2003). Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.102.5151","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.102.5151","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://storageconference.org/2003/authorkit/sample.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.13.4790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.13.4790","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.soe.ucsc.edu/~elm/Papers/msst03reliability.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.175.1113","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.175.1113","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.storageconference.org/2003/papers/22-Xin-Reliability.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.3.3459","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.3.3459","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/~sbrandt/papers/MSST041.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.3.6587","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.3.6587","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.ucsc.edu/~qxin/mypapers/msst03.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.58.7365","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.58.7365","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.icons.rodan.pl/publications/[Litwin2003].pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.59.4013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.59.4013","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.scu.edu/~tschwarz/Papers/massstorage2003.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.6.3091","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.6.3091","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/~sbrandt/papers/MSST032.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.66.5098","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.66.5098","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cse.ucsc.edu/~darrell/Papers/MSST-Xin-03.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:escholarship.org:ark:/13030/qt3xn2h4m5","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://escholarship.org/uc/item/3xn2h4m5","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400115","display_name":"eScholarship (California Digital Library)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2801248553","host_organization_name":"California Digital Library","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801248553"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W245914994","https://openalex.org/W1471103927","https://openalex.org/W1487376403","https://openalex.org/W1546442581","https://openalex.org/W1555915743","https://openalex.org/W1566296806","https://openalex.org/W1589221722","https://openalex.org/W1606480398","https://openalex.org/W1836955865","https://openalex.org/W1881553382","https://openalex.org/W1891714287","https://openalex.org/W1971405342","https://openalex.org/W1974401809","https://openalex.org/W2018644772","https://openalex.org/W2077409330","https://openalex.org/W2099023565","https://openalex.org/W2101660470","https://openalex.org/W2101871993","https://openalex.org/W2104210894","https://openalex.org/W2121133177","https://openalex.org/W2137808089","https://openalex.org/W2141071440","https://openalex.org/W2147853062","https://openalex.org/W2153747271","https://openalex.org/W2155287093","https://openalex.org/W2156417525","https://openalex.org/W2169422590","https://openalex.org/W2219123195","https://openalex.org/W2220812565","https://openalex.org/W2613956024","https://openalex.org/W4232342695","https://openalex.org/W4236944670","https://openalex.org/W4246162201","https://openalex.org/W4254263397","https://openalex.org/W4254859371","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4392750738","https://openalex.org/W6632551455","https://openalex.org/W6633127185","https://openalex.org/W6634123939","https://openalex.org/W6669831648","https://openalex.org/W6675151456","https://openalex.org/W6680894152","https://openalex.org/W6891657149"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2081134829","https://openalex.org/W2012196799","https://openalex.org/W2914953798","https://openalex.org/W2016936103","https://openalex.org/W1969752774","https://openalex.org/W2551163313","https://openalex.org/W2294049764","https://openalex.org/W2108584188","https://openalex.org/W1980969160","https://openalex.org/W3094485821"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reliability":[0],"and":[1,50,58,72,98],"availability":[2,97],"are":[3,35],"increasingly":[4],"important":[5],"in":[6,26,37,69],"large-scale":[7],"storage":[8,15,99,116],"systems":[9,18,27],"built":[10],"from":[11,60,75],"thousands":[12,29],"of":[13,23,30,45],"individual":[14,24],"devices.":[16],"Large":[17],"must":[19],"survive":[20],"the":[21,90],"failure":[22],"components;":[25],"with":[28,133],"disks,":[31],"even":[32],"infrequent":[33],"failures":[34],"likely":[36],"some":[38],"device.":[39],"We":[40,53,78],"focus":[41],"on":[42,102],"two":[43],"types":[44],"errors:":[46],"nonrecoverable":[47],"read":[48],"errors":[49,68],"drive":[51],"failures.":[52],"discuss":[54],"mechanisms":[55],"for":[56,66,113],"detecting":[57,67],"recovering":[59],"such":[61],"errors,":[62],"introducing":[63],"improved":[64],"techniques":[65],"disk":[70,76],"reads":[71],"fast":[73],"recovery":[74],"failure.":[77],"show":[79],"that":[80,107,120],"simple":[81],"RAID":[82],"cannot":[83],"guarantee":[84],"sufficient":[85,112],"reliability;":[86],"our":[87,103],"analysis":[88],"examines":[89],"tradeoffs":[91],"among":[92],"other":[93],"schemes":[94],"between":[95],"system":[96],"efficiency.":[100],"Based":[101],"data,":[104],"we":[105,125],"believe":[106],"two-way":[108],"mirroring":[109,129,131],"should":[110],"be":[111],"most":[114],"large":[115],"systems.":[117],"For":[118],"those":[119],"need":[121],"very":[122],"high":[123],"reliability,":[124],"recommend":[126],"either":[127],"three-way":[128],"or":[130],"combined":[132],"RAID.":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":12}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}