{"id":"https://openalex.org/W821915149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mark.1979.8817068","title":"Performance and economy of a fault-tolerant multiprocessor","display_name":"Performance and economy of a fault-tolerant multiprocessor","publication_year":1979,"publication_date":"1979-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W821915149","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mark.1979.8817068","mag":"821915149"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mark.1979.8817068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mark.1979.8817068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306497448","display_name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109056731","display_name":"Jaynarayan H. Lala","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343143571","display_name":"Draper Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04378d909","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"JAYNARAYAN H. LALA","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts","The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102204190","display_name":"Charles J. Smith","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343143571","display_name":"Draper Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04378d909","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"CHARLES J. SMITH","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts","The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory Inc., Cambridge, Massachusetts","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.17066667,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"i","issue":null,"first_page":"481","last_page":"492"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9524000287055969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9524000287055969,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9451000094413757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":0.9336000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7459216117858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-tolerance","display_name":"Fault tolerance","score":0.6224689483642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiprocessing","display_name":"Multiprocessing","score":0.6007619500160217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5863757729530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maintainability","display_name":"Maintainability","score":0.43628403544425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.39514830708503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3658871650695801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-engineering","display_name":"Software engineering","score":0.21094465255737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.17361706495285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13817664980888367}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7459216117858887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63540848","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3140932","display_name":"Fault tolerance","level":2,"score":0.6224689483642578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4822641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846651","display_name":"Multiprocessing","level":2,"score":0.6007619500160217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5863757729530334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160713754","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1389965","display_name":"Maintainability","level":2,"score":0.43628403544425964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.39514830708503723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3658871650695801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115903868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80993","display_name":"Software engineering","level":1,"score":0.21094465255737305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.17361706495285034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13817664980888367}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mark.1979.8817068","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mark.1979.8817068","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306497448","display_name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"1979 International Workshop on Managing Requirements Knowledge (MARK)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W584106753","https://openalex.org/W753657786","https://openalex.org/W834215124","https://openalex.org/W2127015369","https://openalex.org/W2219578865","https://openalex.org/W2222301549","https://openalex.org/W2377859122","https://openalex.org/W6622290613","https://openalex.org/W6688741135"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2007959507","https://openalex.org/W2391411398","https://openalex.org/W2183751629","https://openalex.org/W2358220905","https://openalex.org/W2389560791","https://openalex.org/W4256262101","https://openalex.org/W3016520653","https://openalex.org/W1971428118","https://openalex.org/W4233757488","https://openalex.org/W2028566484"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,26,55,165,181],"FTMP":[1,217],"(Fault-Tolerant":[2],"Multiprocessor)":[3],"is":[4,167,183,186,203,219],"one":[5],"of":[6,29,52,58,65,123,160,198,227],"two":[7],"central":[8],"aircraft":[9],"fault-tolerant":[10],"architectures":[11],"now":[12],"in":[13,109,131],"the":[14,30,62,118,136,155,161,187,190,196,216,224],"prototype":[15],"phase":[16],"under":[17],"NASA":[18],"Langley":[19],"Research":[20],"Center":[21],"sponsorship.":[22],"1":[23],",":[24],"2":[25],"intended":[27],"application":[28],"computer":[31,75,81,151,169],"includes":[32],"such":[33,125],"critical":[34],"real-time":[35],"tasks":[36,60,87],"as":[37,126],"\"fly-by-wire\"":[38],"active":[39],"control":[40],"and":[41,49,61,72,96,138,192,230],"completely":[42],"automatic":[43],"Category":[44],"III":[45],"landings":[46],"(zero":[47],"visibility":[48],"zero":[50],"ceiling)":[51],"commercial":[53],"aircraft.":[54],"life-critical":[56],"nature":[57],"these":[59,104],"profit-oriented":[63],"attitude":[64],"airlines":[66],"translate":[67],"into":[68],"some":[69,121],"very":[70,173],"challenging":[71],"sometimes":[73],"contradictory":[74],"requirements.":[76],"For":[77],"example,":[78],"a":[79,101,168,199,205,220],"candidate":[80],"should":[82],"be":[83,93,98,108,130,143,172,179],"able":[84],"to":[85,107,116,134,145,213,223],"execute":[86],"on":[88],"time,":[89],"without":[90],"significant":[91],"delays,":[92],"extremely":[94],"reliable,":[95],"yet":[97],"cost-effective.":[99,180],"At":[100],"first":[102],"glance":[103],"requirements":[105,140],"seem":[106],"conflict":[110],"with":[111],"each":[112],"other.":[113],"After":[114],"all,":[115],"meet":[117,135,154],"performance":[119],"criteria":[120],"sort":[122],"parallelism":[124],"multiprocessing":[127],"capability":[128],"would":[129,142],"order.":[132],"Second,":[133],"reliability":[137],"safety":[139],"it":[141,176,185],"necessary":[144],"use":[146],"redundancy":[147],"since":[148],"no":[149],"simplex":[150],"could":[152,171],"possibly":[153],"\"extremely":[156],"improbable\"":[157],"failure":[158],"criterion":[159],"Federal":[162],"Aviation":[163],"Administration.":[164],"result":[166],"that":[170,184,194,215],"expensive.":[174],"Yet":[175],"may":[177],"still":[178],"reason":[182],"balance":[188],"between":[189],"benefits":[191],"costs":[193],"determines":[195],"cost-effectiveness":[197],"product;":[200],"cost":[201],"alone":[202],"not":[204],"pertinent":[206],"criterion.":[207],"In":[208],"this":[209],"paper":[210],"we":[211],"intend":[212],"show":[214],"architecture":[218],"viable":[221],"solution":[222],"multi-faceted":[225],"problems":[226],"safety,":[228],"speed,":[229],"cost.":[231]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}