{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3210454960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mapr53640.2021.9585254","title":"DS-YOLOv5: Deformable and Scalable YOLOv5 for Mathematical Formula Detection in Scientific Documents","display_name":"DS-YOLOv5: Deformable and Scalable YOLOv5 for Mathematical Formula Detection in Scientific Documents","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3210454960","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mapr53640.2021.9585254","mag":"3210454960"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mapr53640.2021.9585254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mapr53640.2021.9585254","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Multimedia Analysis and Pattern Recognition (MAPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101432920","display_name":"Minh-Thang Nguyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3388-6624"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94518387","display_name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Minh-Thang Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanoi University of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering,Vietnam","School of Electrical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering,Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067859504","display_name":"Thi\u2010Lan Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9541-3905"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94518387","display_name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thi-Lan Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanoi University of Science and Technology,School of Electronics and Telecommunications,Vietnam","School of Electronics and Telecommunications, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology,School of Electronics and Telecommunications,Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Telecommunications, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057848989","display_name":"Lan Huong Nguyen Thi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94518387","display_name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Huong Nguyen Thi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanoi University of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering,Vietnam","School of Electrical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering,Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035611630","display_name":"Thu H\u00e0 Nguy\u1ec5n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1557-4571"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94518387","display_name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thu Ha Nguyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Hanoi University of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering,Vietnam","School of Electrical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology,School of Electrical Engineering,Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14180212,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13523","display_name":"Mathematics, Computing, and Information Processing","score":0.9824000000953674,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9567000269889832,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marmot","display_name":"Marmot","score":0.9016127586364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7068431377410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.6964411735534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/margin","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","score":0.6034031510353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.5182313919067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.5181847214698792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/digitization","display_name":"Digitization","score":0.4754776060581207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scalability","display_name":"Scalability","score":0.46244579553604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.457088440656662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/segmentation","display_name":"Segmentation","score":0.4141653776168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/representation","display_name":"Representation (politics)","score":0.41152793169021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33931607007980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.30880385637283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.2598881721496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.1424054205417633}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779769902","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131567","display_name":"Marmot","level":2,"score":0.9016127586364746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7068431377410889},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.6964411735534668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C774472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6760393","display_name":"Margin (machine learning)","level":2,"score":0.6034031510353088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.5182313919067383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.5181847214698792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779308522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q843958","display_name":"Digitization","level":2,"score":0.4754776060581207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.46244579553604126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.457088440656662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4141653776168823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.41152793169021606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33931607007980347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.30880385637283325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.2598881721496582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.1424054205417633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mapr53640.2021.9585254","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mapr53640.2021.9585254","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 International Conference on Multimedia Analysis and Pattern Recognition (MAPR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596767899","https://openalex.org/W1966577232","https://openalex.org/W2034103639","https://openalex.org/W2047334181","https://openalex.org/W2601564443","https://openalex.org/W2901890385","https://openalex.org/W2966926453","https://openalex.org/W2979336078","https://openalex.org/W2998227124","https://openalex.org/W3012516156","https://openalex.org/W3023097746","https://openalex.org/W3029515339","https://openalex.org/W3088382477","https://openalex.org/W3104401316","https://openalex.org/W3115558689","https://openalex.org/W3137673960","https://openalex.org/W3141678130","https://openalex.org/W3159389762","https://openalex.org/W3178925974","https://openalex.org/W3180134609","https://openalex.org/W4287826062","https://openalex.org/W6635653239","https://openalex.org/W6775072713","https://openalex.org/W6785808489","https://openalex.org/W6791829689","https://openalex.org/W6792192012"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099698365","https://openalex.org/W2237488369","https://openalex.org/W1966298094","https://openalex.org/W1539704186","https://openalex.org/W4254109238","https://openalex.org/W2156173546","https://openalex.org/W2399890175","https://openalex.org/W2137322422","https://openalex.org/W4308177873","https://openalex.org/W3202479762"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Mathematical":[0],"formula":[1,28],"detection":[2,45,146],"(MFD)":[3],"is":[4,116],"a":[5,22,33,84,139,165],"prerequisite":[6],"step":[7],"for":[8,88],"the":[9,37,44,48,61,71,81,89,102,105,112,123,128,135,159],"digitization":[10],"of":[11,36,47,63,74,83,148],"scientific":[12],"documents.":[13,65],"The":[14],"MFD":[15,90],"task":[16,91],"has":[17,108],"two":[18],"key":[19],"challenges,":[20],"i.e.":[21],"large":[23,140],"scale":[24,75],"span":[25],"between":[26,39],"embedded":[27,151],"and":[29,32,41,98,153],"isolated":[30,156],"formula,":[31],"huge":[34],"variation":[35],"ratio":[38],"height":[40],"width.":[42],"However,":[43],"accuracy":[46,147],"most":[49],"existing":[50,118],"approaches":[51],"rely":[52],"on":[53,93,111,134,150,155,158],"page":[54],"segmentation":[55],"still":[56],"needs":[57],"improvement":[58],"due":[59],"to":[60,69,79],"errors":[62],"complex":[64],"In":[66,120],"this":[67],"work,":[68],"solve":[70],"important":[72],"problem":[73],"variation,":[76],"we":[77,143],"aim":[78],"assess":[80],"performance":[82],"multi-scaled":[85],"deformable":[86,94],"method":[87,107,130],"based":[92],"convolution,":[95],"image":[96],"representation,":[97],"YOLOv5":[99],"detector.":[100],"For":[101],"experimental":[103,124],"study,":[104],"proposed":[106,129],"been":[109],"evaluated":[110],"Marmot":[113,136,160],"dataset,":[114,161],"which":[115,162],"an":[117],"benchmark.":[119],"our":[121],"evaluation,":[122],"results":[125,163],"show":[126],"that":[127],"outperforms":[131],"previous":[132],"methods":[133],"dataset":[137],"by":[138],"margin.":[141],"Moreover,":[142],"accomplished":[144],"correct":[145],"82.42%":[149],"formulas":[152,157],"90.69%":[154],"in":[164],"significant":[166],"error":[167],"reduction.":[168]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}