{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142595254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/malware.2008.4690858","title":"Shades of grey: On the effectiveness of reputation-based &amp;#x201C;blacklists&amp;#x201D;","display_name":"Shades of grey: On the effectiveness of reputation-based &amp;#x201C;blacklists&amp;#x201D;","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142595254","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/malware.2008.4690858","mag":"2142595254"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/malware.2008.4690858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/malware.2008.4690858","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 3rd International Conference on Malicious and Unwanted Software (MALWARE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001311456","display_name":"Sushant Sinha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sushant Sinha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Dept., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Dept., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045573429","display_name":"Michael Bailey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-8425-993X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Bailey","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Dept., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Dept., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078067855","display_name":"Farnam Jahanian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan\u2013Ann Arbor","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farnam Jahanian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Dept., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electr. Eng. & Comput. Sci. Dept., Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5001311456"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":8.7668,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":105,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97888019,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11598","display_name":"Internet Traffic Analysis and Secure E-voting","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blacklist","display_name":"Blacklist","score":0.9587782621383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.8475341200828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7505375742912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.7356980443000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reputation","display_name":"Reputation","score":0.7115485668182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6416028738021851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.5405461192131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/blacklisting","display_name":"Blacklisting","score":0.4965246319770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.47503048181533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confidentiality","display_name":"Confidentiality","score":0.46454668045043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3633415102958679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.24569940567016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1973765790462494}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781345505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2535979","display_name":"Blacklist","level":2,"score":0.9587782621383667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.8475341200828552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7505375742912292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.7356980443000793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48798503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q877546","display_name":"Reputation","level":2,"score":0.7115485668182373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6416028738021851},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5405461192131042},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779797433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q632959","display_name":"Blacklisting","level":2,"score":0.4965246319770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.47503048181533813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.46454668045043945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3633415102958679},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.24569940567016602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1973765790462494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/malware.2008.4690858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/malware.2008.4690858","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2008 3rd International Conference on Malicious and Unwanted Software (MALWARE)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7900000214576721}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1542248099","https://openalex.org/W1559961194","https://openalex.org/W2096273775","https://openalex.org/W2108214308","https://openalex.org/W2113344319","https://openalex.org/W2121320294","https://openalex.org/W2138644293","https://openalex.org/W2245533262","https://openalex.org/W3162333642","https://openalex.org/W6632653372","https://openalex.org/W6633524944","https://openalex.org/W6676634358","https://openalex.org/W6678053823"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2181543702","https://openalex.org/W3172840274","https://openalex.org/W2769847412","https://openalex.org/W2146351192","https://openalex.org/W3037489623","https://openalex.org/W2991976289","https://openalex.org/W4241417517","https://openalex.org/W4379624358","https://openalex.org/W2017968904","https://openalex.org/W2005813008"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Malicious":[0],"code,":[1],"or":[2,112],"malware,":[3],"executed":[4],"on":[5],"compromised":[6],"hosts":[7,87],"provides":[8],"a":[9,12,54,96,100,132],"platform":[10],"for":[11,36,80,117,137,145],"wide":[13],"variety":[14],"of":[15,20,28,57,61,84,99,102,134,148],"attacks":[16],"against":[17],"the":[18,21,24,32,58,118,143],"availability":[19],"network":[22,89,119],"and":[23,26,38,48,88,127,141],"privacy":[25],"confidentiality":[27],"its":[29],"users.":[30],"Unfortunately,":[31],"most":[33],"popular":[34],"techniques":[35],"detecting":[37],"preventing":[39],"malware":[40,62],"have":[41,68],"been":[42],"shown":[43],"to":[44,70,108],"be":[45],"significantly":[46],"flawed,":[47],"it":[49],"is":[50],"widely":[51],"believed":[52],"that":[53],"significant":[55],"fraction":[56],"Internet":[59],"consists":[60],"infected":[63],"machines.":[64],"In":[65,91],"response,":[66],"defenders":[67],"turned":[69],"coarse-grained,":[71],"reputation-based":[72,103,149],"techniques,":[73],"such":[74],"as":[75],"real":[76],"time":[77],"blackhole":[78],"lists,":[79],"blocking":[81],"large":[82],"numbers":[83],"potentially":[85],"malicious":[86],"blocks.":[90],"this":[92,138],"paper,":[93],"we":[94],"perform":[95],"preliminary":[97],"study":[98],"type":[101],"blacklist,":[104],"namely":[105],"those":[106],"used":[107],"block":[109],"unsolicited":[110],"email,":[111],"spam.":[113],"We":[114,130],"show":[115],"that,":[116],"studied,":[120],"these":[121],"blacklists":[122],"exhibit":[123],"non-trivial":[124],"false":[125,128],"positives":[126],"negatives.":[129],"investigate":[131],"number":[133],"possible":[135],"causes":[136],"low":[139],"accuracy":[140],"discuss":[142],"implications":[144],"other":[146],"types":[147],"blacklists.":[150]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-04-13T07:58:08.660418","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
