{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379117109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3282262","title":"History of the CAL Timesharing System","display_name":"History of the CAL Timesharing System","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379117109","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3282262"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2023.3282262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3282262","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/85/10251470/10143281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"1058-6180","issn":["1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/85/10251470/10143281.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045724943","display_name":"Paul McJones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5704-8414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800240351","display_name":"Mountain View College","ror":"https://ror.org/04fh8an03","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1291072267","https://openalex.org/I2800240351"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Paul McJones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mountain View, CA 94041"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5704-8414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mountain View, CA 94041","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800240351"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088874861","display_name":"David D. Redell","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8703-6665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210130706","display_name":"Box (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/036246q84","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210130706"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Redell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Redwood City, CA 94062"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8703-6665","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Redwood City, CA 94062","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210130706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5045724943"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800240351"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05276852,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"3","first_page":"80","last_page":"91"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11269","display_name":"Algorithms and Data Compression","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9900000095367432,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporation","display_name":"Corporation","score":0.5952710509300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shut-down","display_name":"Shut down","score":0.5512944459915161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5214906930923462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-computing","display_name":"History of computing","score":0.49233973026275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4842343330383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.3253302574157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.0837230384349823}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167037","display_name":"Corporation","level":2,"score":0.5952710509300232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017653385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4128962","display_name":"Shut down","level":2,"score":0.5512944459915161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5214906930923462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2735691","display_name":"History of computing","level":2,"score":0.49233973026275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4842343330383301},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.3253302574157715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0837230384349823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2023.3282262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3282262","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/85/10251470/10143281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"1058-6180","issn":["1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2023.3282262","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3282262","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/85/10251470/10143281.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"1058-6180","issn":["1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1002382030","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"67P7635","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320308590","display_name":"University of California","ror":"https://ror.org/00pjdza24"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332213","display_name":"Charles Babbage Institute, University of Minnesota","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379117109.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379117109.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W110579493","https://openalex.org/W126234457","https://openalex.org/W160950805","https://openalex.org/W604206322","https://openalex.org/W1525431194","https://openalex.org/W1580634328","https://openalex.org/W1985108724","https://openalex.org/W1995408455","https://openalex.org/W1999016503","https://openalex.org/W2011523217","https://openalex.org/W2097012771","https://openalex.org/W2103444363","https://openalex.org/W2108067096","https://openalex.org/W2131238817","https://openalex.org/W2134138865","https://openalex.org/W2165986112","https://openalex.org/W4249212548","https://openalex.org/W6604418730","https://openalex.org/W6605176023","https://openalex.org/W6606436772","https://openalex.org/W6631592898","https://openalex.org/W6634817845"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347674884","https://openalex.org/W1995891224","https://openalex.org/W4362520165","https://openalex.org/W2347523850","https://openalex.org/W2376288354","https://openalex.org/W2363806788","https://openalex.org/W2387973599","https://openalex.org/W2377378201","https://openalex.org/W2392209542","https://openalex.org/W4390891666"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"CAL":[1],"Timesharing":[2],"System":[3],"(CAL":[4],"TSS)":[5],"was":[6,39,91],"developed":[7],"at":[8,13],"the":[9,33,42,67,73,76,80,83,87],"University":[10],"of":[11,41,63,75,79],"California":[12],"Berkeley":[14],"between":[15],"1968":[16],"and":[17,25,38,55,82],"1971":[18],"to":[19,45,66],"provide":[20],"interactive":[21],"computing":[22],"for":[23,48],"research":[24],"instruction.":[26],"It":[27],"ran":[28],"on":[29],"a":[30,64],"mainframe":[31],"computer,":[32],"Control":[34],"Data":[35],"Corporation":[36],"6400,":[37],"one":[40],"earliest":[43],"systems":[44],"use":[46],"capabilities":[47],"protection.":[49],"Using":[50],"our":[51],"memories,":[52],"archival":[53],"records,":[54],"files":[56],"preserved":[57],"by":[58],"McJones":[59],"that":[60],"are":[61],"part":[62],"donation":[65],"Computer":[68],"History":[69],"Museum,":[70],"we":[71],"discuss":[72],"origin":[74],"project,":[77],"development":[78],"software,":[81],"brief":[84],"experience":[85],"using":[86],"system":[88],"before":[89],"it":[90],"shut":[92],"down":[93],"in":[94],"May":[95],"1972.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
