{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4380303321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3272128","title":"Review of <i>Spies, Lies, and Algorithms</i>, by Amy B. Zegart","display_name":"Review of <i>Spies, Lies, and Algorithms</i>, by Amy B. Zegart","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4380303321","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3272128"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2023.3272128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3272128","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/85/10148806/10148813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"1058-6180","issn":["1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/85/10148806/10148813.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108214536","display_name":"A. Fitzpatrick","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I859038795","display_name":"Virginia Tech","ror":"https://ror.org/02smfhw86","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Anne Fitzpatrick","raw_affiliation_strings":["Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5108214536"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I859038795"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12154685,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"2","first_page":"68","last_page":"68"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9573000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12572","display_name":"Intelligence, Security, War Strategy","score":0.9573000073432922,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/government","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","score":0.625856876373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/terrorism","display_name":"Terrorism","score":0.5910136699676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intelligence-analysis","display_name":"Intelligence analysis","score":0.510520339012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4976229965686798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.432170569896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.42796188592910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.3796761631965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.34534671902656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.33994317054748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history","display_name":"History","score":0.3252672553062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.22413456439971924}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.625856876373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203133693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7283","display_name":"Terrorism","level":2,"score":0.5910136699676514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C517642484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2388514","display_name":"Intelligence analysis","level":2,"score":0.510520339012146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4976229965686798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.432170569896698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.42796188592910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.3796761631965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.34534671902656555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.33994317054748535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.3252672553062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.22413456439971924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2023.3272128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3272128","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/85/10148806/10148813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"1058-6180","issn":["1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2023.3272128","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2023.3272128","pdf_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/ielx7/85/10148806/10148813.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"1058-6180","issn":["1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.6899999976158142}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380303321.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4380303321.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4210601816"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W569815712","https://openalex.org/W2572815910","https://openalex.org/W1487740203","https://openalex.org/W4235672678","https://openalex.org/W1590627964","https://openalex.org/W1965931042","https://openalex.org/W1982644550","https://openalex.org/W1973338178","https://openalex.org/W2103198501","https://openalex.org/W2080924553"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Since":[0],"9/11":[1],"there":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4],"scores":[5],"of":[6,31,105,115,121],"publications":[7],"focusing":[8],"on":[9],"the":[10,27,52,78,101,122],"United":[11,53],"States":[12,54],"Intelligence":[13,55],"Community's":[14],"failure":[15],"to":[16,49,86,98,100,107],"prevent":[17],"that":[18,46,77],"day's":[19],"tragedies.":[20],"Amy":[21],"Zegart's":[22,73],"\u201cSpies,":[23],"Lies,":[24],"and":[25,29,66,117],"Algorithms:":[26],"History":[28],"Future":[30],"American":[32],"Intelligence\u201d":[33],"[1]":[34],"is":[35,45,59,76,80,96],"a":[36],"welcomed":[37],"departure":[38],"from":[39],"this":[40,111],"trend.":[41],"The":[42],"main":[43,74],"difference":[44],"Zegart":[47],"attempts":[48],"explain":[50],"what":[51],"Community\u2014or":[56],"USIC":[57,79],"it":[58,68,95],"commonly":[60],"called":[61],"in":[62,83],"government":[63],"acronymese\u2014actually":[64],"does":[65,110],"how":[67],"carries":[69],"out":[70],"its":[71,84],"mission.":[72],"thesis":[75],"falling":[81],"behind":[82],"mission":[85],"most":[87],"accurately":[88],"inform":[89],"our":[90],"nation's":[91],"policy":[92],"makers":[93],"because":[94],"failing":[97],"adapt":[99],"rapidly":[102],"increasing":[103],"availability":[104],"information":[106],"anyone.":[108],"She":[109],"using":[112],"various":[113],"examples":[114],"terrorism":[116],"other":[118],"global":[119],"events":[120],"last":[123],"two-plus":[124],"decades.":[125]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-24T23:09:58.560324","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}