{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4312651411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2022.3220114","title":"Tool, Doctor, and Hooligan: History of Antivirus Software in China, 1989\u20132010","display_name":"Tool, Doctor, and Hooligan: History of Antivirus Software in China, 1989\u20132010","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4312651411","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2022.3220114"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2022.3220114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2022.3220114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"1058-6180","issn":["1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074825878","display_name":"Yue Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7405-5491"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7405-5491","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058989213","display_name":"Rebecca Slayton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5234-0870"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","display_name":"Cornell University","ror":"https://ror.org/05bnh6r87","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rebecca Slayton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3967,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74060699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"45","issue":"1","first_page":"43","last_page":"54"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10893","display_name":"Chinese history and philosophy","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10893","display_name":"Chinese history and philosophy","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10628","display_name":"China's Socioeconomic Reforms and Governance","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12785","display_name":"Hong Kong and Taiwan Politics","score":0.9441999793052673,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-computing","display_name":"History of computing","score":0.8406342267990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/china","display_name":"China","score":0.7576113939285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scholarship","display_name":"Scholarship","score":0.7410627007484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historiography","display_name":"Historiography","score":0.6206624507904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/state","display_name":"State (computer science)","score":0.5272865891456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.4826286733150482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.41223111748695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-studies","display_name":"Media studies","score":0.39612680673599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.3581026792526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.3457987904548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2967063784599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.2529660761356354}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778653333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2735691","display_name":"History of computing","level":2,"score":0.8406342267990112},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191935318","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q148","display_name":"China","level":2,"score":0.7576113939285278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778061430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188823","display_name":"Scholarship","level":2,"score":0.7410627007484436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29598333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50675","display_name":"Historiography","level":2,"score":0.6206624507904053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48103436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q599031","display_name":"State (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.5272865891456604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.4826286733150482},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.41223111748695374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.39612680673599243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.3581026792526245},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.3457987904548645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2967063784599304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.2529660761356354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2022.3220114","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2022.3220114","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"1058-6180","issn":["1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5899999737739563,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2101126549","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"1553069","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335353","display_name":"National Science Foundation of Sri Lanka","ror":"https://ror.org/010xaa060"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W216870964","https://openalex.org/W242884592","https://openalex.org/W1515263424","https://openalex.org/W1552881678","https://openalex.org/W1588844083","https://openalex.org/W1771100694","https://openalex.org/W1968020664","https://openalex.org/W2062189538","https://openalex.org/W2069458755","https://openalex.org/W2117870662","https://openalex.org/W2122706967","https://openalex.org/W2134169584","https://openalex.org/W2141768305","https://openalex.org/W2160777949","https://openalex.org/W2185636603","https://openalex.org/W2404873149","https://openalex.org/W2580523969","https://openalex.org/W2586644456","https://openalex.org/W2651472933","https://openalex.org/W2802138801","https://openalex.org/W2907351915","https://openalex.org/W2954902623","https://openalex.org/W3027264257","https://openalex.org/W3132153573","https://openalex.org/W4205802393","https://openalex.org/W4210342390","https://openalex.org/W4213095104","https://openalex.org/W4214575629","https://openalex.org/W4240671868","https://openalex.org/W4244238169","https://openalex.org/W4245477047","https://openalex.org/W4247309435","https://openalex.org/W4251048435","https://openalex.org/W6778134248","https://openalex.org/W6826612484"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4317790566","https://openalex.org/W2388308694","https://openalex.org/W2347665181","https://openalex.org/W2370650717","https://openalex.org/W2357663429","https://openalex.org/W2379389892","https://openalex.org/W4223910059","https://openalex.org/W2352251361","https://openalex.org/W2352202151","https://openalex.org/W2241391474"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,62],"article":[1,63],"examines":[2],"how":[3],"user":[4,109],"communities":[5,110],"and":[6,31,38,46,59,123,132],"technological":[7],"practices":[8],"shaped":[9],"distinctive":[10],"conceptions":[11],"of":[12,69,72,83,88,118,134],"antivirus":[13,41,57],"software":[14],"in":[15,111,121],"post-Socialist":[16],"China":[17,122],"from":[18],"1989":[19],"to":[20,65,94],"2010.":[21],"Drawing":[22],"on":[23,85,99,108],"IT":[24],"magazines,":[25],"handbooks,":[26],"journal":[27],"articles,":[28],"online":[29],"forums,":[30],"official":[32],"publications,":[33],"we":[34,75,113],"highlight":[35],"three":[36],"metaphors":[37,51],"meanings":[39],"for":[40],"software\u2014a":[42],"tool,":[43],"a":[44,47,78],"\u201cdoctor,\u201d":[45],"\u201chooligan\u201d\u2014arguing":[48],"that":[49],"these":[50],"reflected":[52],"evolving":[53],"relations":[54],"between":[55],"the":[56,70,86,89,100,115,130],"industry":[58],"computer":[60,90],"users.":[61],"contributes":[64],"two":[66],"understudied":[67],"areas":[68],"history":[71,87],"computing.":[73],"First,":[74],"build":[76],"upon":[77],"small":[79],"but":[80],"crucial":[81],"body":[82],"scholarship":[84],"security":[91],"industry,":[92],"which":[93,126],"date":[95],"has":[96,127],"focused":[97],"primarily":[98],"United":[101],"States.":[102],"Second,":[103],"by":[104],"centering":[105],"our":[106],"analysis":[107],"China,":[112],"broaden":[114],"dominant":[116],"focus":[117],"computing":[119],"historiography":[120],"East":[124],"Asia,":[125],"instead":[128],"emphasized":[129],"achievements":[131],"activities":[133],"state":[135],"institutions.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-26T08:34:08.712188","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
