{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285124712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2022.3171970","title":"Seeking High IMP Reliability in Maintenance of the 1970s ARPAnet","display_name":"Seeking High IMP Reliability in Maintenance of the 1970s ARPAnet","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285124712","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2022.3171970"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2022.3171970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2022.3171970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"1058-6180","issn":["1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113620306","display_name":"David Walden","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David C. Walden","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048064924","display_name":"Alexander A. McKenzie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4502-9769"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexander A. McKenzie","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085463737","display_name":"W. B. Barker","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. Ben Barker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4375,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.71406771,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"2","first_page":"8","last_page":"19"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12797","display_name":"History of Computing Technologies","score":0.9902999997138977,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1706","display_name":"Computer Science Applications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13436","display_name":"Space Technology and Applications","score":0.9478999972343445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.7059042453765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","score":0.6018027067184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5374982357025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.45790553092956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.42418068647384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.41526076197624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.412244975566864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering-management","display_name":"Engineering management","score":0.348031222820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2639550268650055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.23397955298423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-science","display_name":"Social science","score":0.08033806085586548}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.7059042453765869},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6018027067184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5374982357025146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45790553092956543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.42418068647384644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.41526076197624207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.412244975566864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110354214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6314146","display_name":"Engineering management","level":1,"score":0.348031222820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2639550268650055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.23397955298423767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.08033806085586548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2022.3171970","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2022.3171970","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"1058-6180","issn":["1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/860154","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/87/article/860154","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W366127449","https://openalex.org/W1608513727","https://openalex.org/W1967821834","https://openalex.org/W1970875247","https://openalex.org/W1991712823","https://openalex.org/W2060054468","https://openalex.org/W2108689001","https://openalex.org/W2131624837","https://openalex.org/W2150888761","https://openalex.org/W2169944656","https://openalex.org/W2798004701","https://openalex.org/W2905918793","https://openalex.org/W4231340621","https://openalex.org/W4241363313","https://openalex.org/W6612505915","https://openalex.org/W6636346702","https://openalex.org/W6769256215","https://openalex.org/W7011531152"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2374901194","https://openalex.org/W2033512842","https://openalex.org/W2764722704","https://openalex.org/W4322734194","https://openalex.org/W3147033875","https://openalex.org/W3005535424","https://openalex.org/W2355543518","https://openalex.org/W2764086491","https://openalex.org/W4362494391"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"During":[0],"the":[1,13,35,59,63,74,80,87,91,121,126,129],"first":[2],"years":[3],"of":[4,62,66,90,111,128,148],"ARPAnet":[5,41,85,105],"operations,":[6],"computers":[7,19],"were":[8],"not":[9,69,156],"highly":[10],"reliable,":[11],"but":[12,152],"network":[14,52],"was":[15,21,86,114],"built":[16],"from":[17,143],"standard":[18],"and":[20,51,133,150],"expected":[22],"to":[23,33],"function":[24],"as":[25,38],"a":[26],"utility":[27],"with":[28],"high":[29],"reliability.":[30],"We":[31],"managed":[32],"achieve":[34],"desired":[36],"reliability,":[37],"perceived":[39],"by":[40,43,116],"users,":[42],"making":[44],"innovations":[45],"in":[46,73],"hardware,":[47],"maintenance":[48,106],"procedures,":[49],"software,":[50],"operations.":[53],"This":[54],"article":[55,113,154],"draws":[56],"heavily":[57],"on":[58,79],"personal":[60],"experiences":[61],"authors,":[64,124],"many":[65],"which":[67],"have":[68,157],"been":[70,158],"previously":[71],"reported":[72],"literature.":[75],"Our":[76],"focus":[77],"is":[78],"1969\u20131975":[81],"time":[82],"period":[83],"when":[84],"sole":[88],"responsibility":[89],"Advanced":[92],"Research":[93],"Projects":[94],"Agency":[95],"(ARPA).":[96],"A":[97],"2018":[98],"paper":[99,130],"(Fidler":[100],"et":[101],"al.,":[102],"2018)":[103],"discusses":[104],"after":[107],"1975.":[108],"The":[109],"preparation":[110],"this":[112,153],"spearheaded":[115],"David":[117,119],"Walden.":[118],"recruited":[120],"other":[122],"2":[123],"prepared":[125],"outline":[127],"he":[131],"envisioned,":[132],"drafted":[134],"some":[135],"sections.":[136],"Sadly":[137],"David's":[138],"deteriorating":[139],"health":[140],"prevented":[141],"him":[142],"contributing":[144],"his":[145],"usual":[146],"amount":[147],"energy":[149],"knowledge,":[151],"would":[155],"written":[159],"without":[160],"him.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}