{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2912480614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2019.2897559","title":"A Brief History of Search Results Ranking","display_name":"A Brief History of Search Results Ranking","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-02-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2912480614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2019.2897559","mag":"2912480614"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2019.2897559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2019.2897559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"1058-6180","issn":["1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081925956","display_name":"Stephen Robertson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4115-6215"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Stephen Robertson","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5081925956"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7613,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88103551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"41","issue":"2","first_page":"22","last_page":"28"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.991599977016449,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13083","display_name":"Advanced Text Analysis Techniques","score":0.9865999817848206,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","score":0.861327052116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6405366063117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.6094837188720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/search-engine","display_name":"Search engine","score":0.5851305723190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ranking-svm","display_name":"Ranking SVM","score":0.45697885751724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-to-rank","display_name":"Learning to rank","score":0.44538959860801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remainder","display_name":"Remainder","score":0.42052406072616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-mining","display_name":"Data mining","score":0.34168142080307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-science","display_name":"Data science","score":0.34072548151016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.33321094512939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.32141509652137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17196667194366455}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189430467","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293293","display_name":"Ranking (information retrieval)","level":2,"score":0.861327052116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6405366063117981},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.6094837188720703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97854310","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19541","display_name":"Search engine","level":2,"score":0.5851305723190308},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124975894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293290","display_name":"Ranking SVM","level":3,"score":0.45697885751724243},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86037889","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4330127","display_name":"Learning to rank","level":3,"score":0.44538959860801697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39613435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846677","display_name":"Remainder","level":2,"score":0.42052406072616577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.34168142080307007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522767166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374463","display_name":"Data science","level":1,"score":0.34072548151016235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.33321094512939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.32141509652137756},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17196667194366455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/mahc.2019.2897559","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/mahc.2019.2897559","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S118545620","display_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","issn_l":"1058-6180","issn":["1058-6180","1934-1547"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Annals of the History of Computing","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/729577","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/87/article/729577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W71953299","https://openalex.org/W135168798","https://openalex.org/W1484670493","https://openalex.org/W1513915383","https://openalex.org/W1523019309","https://openalex.org/W1585795026","https://openalex.org/W1599443432","https://openalex.org/W1602667807","https://openalex.org/W1965690069","https://openalex.org/W1985697096","https://openalex.org/W2012318340","https://openalex.org/W2040659137","https://openalex.org/W2042432758","https://openalex.org/W2043909051","https://openalex.org/W2048045485","https://openalex.org/W2054786364","https://openalex.org/W2082729696","https://openalex.org/W2093390569","https://openalex.org/W2100279283","https://openalex.org/W2102046030","https://openalex.org/W2144211451","https://openalex.org/W2161542995","https://openalex.org/W3159544089","https://openalex.org/W4206765718","https://openalex.org/W4229497225","https://openalex.org/W4249191614","https://openalex.org/W6602945169","https://openalex.org/W6605487633"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3127142483","https://openalex.org/W2138488530","https://openalex.org/W2031468273","https://openalex.org/W2370100764","https://openalex.org/W4385565564","https://openalex.org/W2387658907","https://openalex.org/W2351112195","https://openalex.org/W4378464883","https://openalex.org/W2898073868","https://openalex.org/W2367099342"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,22,74],"theory":[1],"and":[2,66],"practice":[3],"of":[4,28,40,54,59,71,78,82,88],"search":[5,14,76],"results":[6],"ranking,":[7,55,65],"as":[8],"currently":[9],"offered":[10],"by":[11],"most":[12],"web":[13,75],"engines,":[15],"is":[16],"older":[17],"than":[18],"one":[19],"might":[20],"think.":[21],"first":[23],"proposal":[24],"for":[25],"a":[26,32],"system":[27],"ranking":[29,50],"was":[30,47],"in":[31,35,62],"JACM":[33],"paper":[34],"1960.":[36],"Through":[37],"the":[38,41,57,68,79,83],"remainder":[39],"twentieth":[42],"century,":[43],"extensive":[44],"research":[45],"work":[46],"done":[48],"on":[49,56,67],"systems\u2014on":[51],"devising":[52],"methods":[53,61],"use":[58,87],"learning":[60],"association":[63],"with":[64],"comparative":[69],"evaluation":[70],"alternative":[72],"methods.":[73],"engines":[77],"tail":[80],"end":[81],"century":[84],"made":[85],"much":[86],"this":[89],"paper.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}