{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163411623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3699782","title":"Parametrized Sharing for Multi-Agent Hybrid DRL for Multiple Multi-Functional RISs-Aided Downlink NOMA Networks","display_name":"Parametrized Sharing for Multi-Agent Hybrid DRL for Multiple Multi-Functional RISs-Aided Downlink NOMA Networks","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163411623","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3699782"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3699782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3699782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009889746","display_name":"Chi-Te Kuo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chi-Te Kuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019371571","display_name":"Li-Hsiang Shen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-5457"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li-Hsiang Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6412-5457","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063458799","display_name":"Jyun-Jhe Huang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22265921","display_name":"National Central University","ror":"https://ror.org/00944ve71","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jyun-Jhe Huang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Communication Engineering, National Central University, Taoyuan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22265921"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64797338,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"3531","last_page":"3535"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.970300018787384,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.00419999985024333,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.004100000020116568,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noma","display_name":"Noma","score":0.7454000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.6901999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interference","display_name":"Interference (communication)","score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spread-spectrum","display_name":"Spread spectrum","score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-networks","display_name":"Radio networks","score":0.30720001459121704}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.753600001335144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775918612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q994794","display_name":"Noma","level":3,"score":0.7454000115394592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.6901999711990356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5471000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.35499998927116394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.3206000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.31290000677108765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.3102000057697296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2989466925","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061197","display_name":"Radio networks","level":4,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986910011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17517","display_name":"Cellular radio","level":3,"score":0.29190000891685486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153646914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q535695","display_name":"Cellular network","level":2,"score":0.2824999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.2793000042438507},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.2775999903678894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.27559998631477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47696715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q233394","display_name":"Code division multiple access","level":2,"score":0.26440000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51675839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1665681","display_name":"Intelligent Network","level":2,"score":0.2612000107765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.2581999897956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.2500999867916107}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3699782","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3699782","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6624511634","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NSTC 113-2222-E-008-008-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8355950853","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"113-2222-E-008-008-MY2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","funder_display_name":"National Science and Technology Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320329860","display_name":"National Science and Technology Major Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320331164","display_name":"National Science and Technology Council","ror":"https://ror.org/00wnb9798"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-functional":[0],"reconfigurable":[1],"intelligent":[2],"surface":[3],"(MF-RIS)":[4],"is":[5],"conceived":[6],"to":[7,13,35,126,148],"address":[8],"the":[9,31,69,98,122,138,144],"communication":[10],"efficiency":[11,47],"thanks":[12],"its":[14,19],"extended":[15],"signal":[16],"coverage":[17],"from":[18,25],"active":[20],"RIS":[21],"capability":[22],"and":[23,57,63,82,104,110,134,154],"self-sustainability":[24],"energy":[26,46],"harvesting":[27],"(EH).":[28],"We":[29,43,84],"investigate":[30],"architecture":[32],"of":[33,60,71,76,150],"multi-MF-RISs":[34],"assist":[36],"non-orthogonal":[37],"multiple":[38,160],"access":[39],"(NOMA)":[40],"downlink":[41,141],"networks.":[42],"formulate":[44],"an":[45],"(EE)":[48],"maximization":[49],"problem":[50],"by":[51],"optimizing":[52],"power":[53],"allocation,":[54],"transmit":[55],"beamforming":[56],"MF-RIS":[58],"configurations":[59],"amplitudes,":[61],"phase-shifts":[62],"EH":[64],"ratios,":[65],"as":[66,68],"well":[67],"position":[70],"MF-RISs,":[72],"while":[73],"satisfying":[74],"constraints":[75],"available":[77],"power,":[78],"user":[79],"rate":[80],"requirements,":[81],"self-sustainability.":[83],"design":[85],"a":[86],"parametrized":[87,132],"sharing":[88,133],"scheme":[89],"for":[90],"multi-agent":[91,99],"hybrid":[92],"deep":[93],"reinforcement":[94],"learning":[95],"(PMHRL),":[96],"where":[97],"proximal":[100],"policy":[101],"optimization":[102],"(PPO)":[103],"deep-Q":[105],"network":[106],"(DQN)":[107],"handle":[108],"continuous":[109],"discrete":[111],"variables,":[112],"respectively.":[113],"The":[114],"simulation":[115],"results":[116],"have":[117],"demonstrated":[118],"that":[119],"PMHRL":[120],"has":[121],"highest":[123,145],"EE":[124,146],"compared":[125,147],"other":[127],"benchmarks,":[128],"including":[129],"cases":[130,149],"without":[131,156],"pure":[135],"PPO/DQN.":[136],"Moreover,":[137],"proposed":[139],"multi-MF-RISs-aided":[140],"NOMA":[142],"achieves":[143],"no-EH/amplification,":[151],"traditional":[152],"RISs,":[153],"deployment":[155],"RISs/MF-RISs":[157],"under":[158],"different":[159],"access.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-16T07:32:37.131356","created_date":"2026-06-04T00:00:00"}