{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7163169366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3699435","title":"Transformer-Enabled Beamforming for Continuous Aperture Array Broadcast Communication Systems","display_name":"Transformer-Enabled Beamforming for Continuous Aperture Array Broadcast Communication Systems","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7163169366","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3699435"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3699435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3699435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123962858","display_name":"S C Zhang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shumeng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-6578-0080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137625904","display_name":"Yun Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090707691","display_name":"Deyou Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-561X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deyou Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9621-561X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137676962","display_name":"Maoxuan Chen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I3131625388","display_name":"University Town of Shenzhen","ror":"https://ror.org/05f5j6225","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maoxuan Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-3250-6745","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shenzhen International Graduate School, Tsinghua University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I3131625388","https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100350268","display_name":"Qi Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2004-6885"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82880672","display_name":"Beihang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00wk2mp56","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingchao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4928-334X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Beihang University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I82880672"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5137706044","display_name":"Yuanwei Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I889458895","display_name":"University of Hong Kong","ror":"https://ror.org/02zhqgq86","country_code":"HK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}],"countries":["HK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuanwei Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6389-8941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pok Fu Lam, Hong Kong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I889458895"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93936782,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"3403","last_page":"3407"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.3172999918460846,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.3172999918460846,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12450","display_name":"Radio Astronomy Observations and Technology","score":0.10840000212192535,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3103","display_name":"Astronomy and Astrophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.05649999901652336,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.7087000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadcasting","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna-array","display_name":"Antenna array","score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/communications-system","display_name":"Communications system","score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aperture","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.3174000084400177}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.7087000012397766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6962000131607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.45019999146461487},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110157686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q922122","display_name":"Broadcasting (networking)","level":2,"score":0.3889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.33169999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.3292999863624573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.3174000084400177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87360688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740686","display_name":"Synthetic aperture radar","level":2,"score":0.29789999127388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32022120","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q797225","display_name":"Interference (communication)","level":3,"score":0.2946000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88527984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2176252","display_name":"Broadcast engineering","level":3,"score":0.2806999981403351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2732999920845032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.27000001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181255713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7662740","display_name":"Synthetic aperture sonar","level":3,"score":0.262800008058548},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.25029999017715454}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3699435","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3699435","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7147992253303528}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3420791889","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62501035","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"investigates":[2],"beamforming":[3,15],"optimization":[4,22,43],"for":[5,77,86],"a":[6,20,41,57,65,74,81],"continuous":[7,49],"aperture":[8],"array":[9],"(CAPA)-based":[10],"broadcast":[11],"communication":[12],"system.":[13,79],"The":[14],"design":[16],"is":[17,70,84],"formulated":[18],"as":[19,56],"functional":[21],"problem":[23,39,44],"under":[24],"the":[25,31,37,48,61,78,94,105,108],"max-min":[26],"fairness":[27],"criterion.":[28],"To":[29],"address":[30],"dimensionality":[32],"challenge,":[33],"we":[34],"first":[35],"transform":[36],"original":[38],"into":[40],"finite-dimensional":[42],"by":[45],"showing":[46],"that":[47],"source":[50],"current":[51],"pattern":[52],"can":[53],"be":[54],"expressed":[55],"linear":[58],"combination":[59],"of":[60,96,107],"channel":[62],"responses.":[63],"Subsequently,":[64],"semidefinite":[66],"relaxation":[67],"(SDR)-based":[68],"approach":[69],"proposed":[71],"to":[72],"establish":[73],"performance":[75],"baseline":[76],"Moreover,":[80],"Transformer-based":[82,109],"framework":[83],"developed":[85],"more":[87],"computationally":[88],"efficient":[89],"beamforming.":[90],"Numerical":[91],"results":[92],"demonstrate":[93],"superiority":[95],"CAPA":[97],"over":[98],"conventional":[99],"multiple-input":[100],"multiple-output":[101],"(MIMO)":[102],"and":[103],"verify":[104],"effectiveness":[106],"framework.":[110]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-06-12T06:20:11.936012","created_date":"2026-06-03T00:00:00"}
