{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7161598932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3694487","title":"Harmonic Electromagnetic Neural Networks for Task-Oriented Semantic Communications","display_name":"Harmonic Electromagnetic Neural Networks for Task-Oriented Semantic Communications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7161598932","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3694487"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3694487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3694487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136434298","display_name":"Xiangyu Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0493-2602"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiangyu Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-0493-2602","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052340806","display_name":"Jiancheng An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-9989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiancheng An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-9989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054553084","display_name":"H Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-3875-4065","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012208123","display_name":"Lu Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8785-867X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2138-9564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China (UESTC), Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136369005","display_name":"Victor C.M. Leung","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180726961","display_name":"Shenzhen University","ror":"https://ror.org/01vy4gh70","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Victor C. M. Leung","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of the Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3529-2640","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of the Computer Science and Software Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180726961"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5136363002","display_name":"M\u00e9rouane Debbah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8941-8080"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I176601375","display_name":"Khalifa University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05hffr360","country_code":"AE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}],"countries":["AE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M\u00e9rouane Debbah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for 6G Technology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8941-8080","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for 6G Technology, Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I176601375"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60791303,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"3224","last_page":"3228"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.8532999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.8532999753952026,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10320","display_name":"Neural Networks and Applications","score":0.018699999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12611","display_name":"Neural Networks and Reservoir Computing","score":0.016899999231100082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5882999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic","display_name":"Harmonic","score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/harmonic-analysis","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-domain","display_name":"Frequency domain","score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.27709999680519104}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7128999829292297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5882999897003174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4528000056743622},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127934551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1148098","display_name":"Harmonic","level":2,"score":0.41530001163482666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.30720001459121704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2890999913215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131770355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q876215","display_name":"Harmonic analysis","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19118579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q786423","display_name":"Frequency domain","level":2,"score":0.2856999933719635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.2856000065803528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.27709999680519104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C812465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5058375","display_name":"Cellular neural network","level":3,"score":0.2639999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984842247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep neural networks","level":3,"score":0.2574999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28843909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177625","display_name":"Electromagnetic field","level":2,"score":0.25529998540878296}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3694487","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3694487","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4575221469","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Stacked":[0],"intelligent":[1],"metasurfaces":[2],"(SIM)":[3],"provide":[4],"a":[5,56,83,148],"promising":[6],"physical":[7],"architecture":[8],"for":[9,41,105,112],"efficient":[10],"deployment":[11],"of":[12,36,76,96,115],"semantic":[13,23,43,106],"inference":[14],"in":[15,21,167],"wireless":[16],"systems.":[17],"However,":[18],"existing":[19],"SIMs":[20],"practical":[22],"communication":[24],"(SemCom)":[25],"systems":[26],"are":[27,121,151],"limited":[28,33],"to":[29,72,90],"phase-only":[30,79],"control,":[31],"yielding":[32],"frequency-domain":[34,74],"degrees":[35,75,114],"freedom":[37,77],"and":[38,48,142,147],"insufficient":[39],"capacity":[40],"hierarchical":[42],"encoding":[44],"under":[45],"constrained":[46],"parameter":[47],"energy":[49],"budgets.":[50],"To":[51,138],"overcome":[52],"this,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"harmonic":[57],"electromagnetic":[58],"neural":[59],"network":[60],"(EMNN)":[61],"built":[62],"on":[63],"SIMs,":[64],"which":[65],"introduces":[66],"multi-harmonic":[67,119],"modulation":[68],"at":[69],"each":[70],"meta-atom":[71],"expand":[73],"beyond":[78],"control.":[80],"In":[81],"addition,":[82],"multi-scale":[84],"sliding-window":[85],"source-encoding":[86],"scheme":[87],"is":[88],"introduced":[89],"improve":[91,143],"robustness":[92],"against":[93],"spatial":[94],"variations":[95],"the":[97,118,125,159],"system.":[98],"The":[99,154],"following":[100],"layers":[101],"perform":[102],"frequency":[103],"mixing":[104],"encoding,":[107],"progressively":[108],"generating":[109],"higher-order":[110],"harmonics":[111],"additional":[113],"freedom.":[116],"Importantly,":[117],"components":[120],"further":[122,152],"fused":[123],"into":[124],"center":[126],"harmonic,":[127],"producing":[128],"an":[129],"effective":[130],"nonlinear":[131],"representation":[132],"gain":[133],"that":[134,158],"strengthens":[135],"feature":[136],"separability.":[137],"support":[139],"passive":[140],"implementation":[141],"calibration,":[144],"passivity-oriented":[145],"normalization":[146],"temperature-like":[149],"scaling":[150],"adopted.":[153],"simulation":[155],"results":[156],"demonstrate":[157],"proposed":[160],"method":[161],"outperforms":[162],"harmonic-free":[163],"baselines":[164],"by":[165],"10%":[166],"classification":[168],"accuracy.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T06:10:36.450269","created_date":"2026-05-19T00:00:00"}
