{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7155407583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3683974","title":"Performance Bounds for Near-Field Velocity Estimation With Modular Linear Array","display_name":"Performance Bounds for Near-Field Velocity Estimation With Modular Linear Array","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7155407583","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3683974"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3683974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3683974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120545540","display_name":"Khalid A. Alshumayri","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Khalid A. Alshumayri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8067-2709","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000165797","display_name":"Mudassir Masood","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-7874"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mudassir Masood","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department and the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Communication Systems and Sensing (IRC-CSS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0462-7874","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department and the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Communication Systems and Sensing (IRC-CSS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009287594","display_name":"Ali A. Nasir","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134085113","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali A. Nasir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering Department and the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Communication Systems and Sensing (IRC-CSS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5012-1562","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering Department and the Interdisciplinary Research Center for Communication Systems and Sensing (IRC-CSS), King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134085113"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49262187,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"2669","last_page":"2673"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.4528999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10931","display_name":"Direction-of-Arrival Estimation Techniques","score":0.4528999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11008","display_name":"Aerodynamics and Acoustics in Jet Flows","score":0.13109999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10860","display_name":"Speech and Audio Processing","score":0.08640000224113464,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modular-design","display_name":"Modular design","score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-processing","display_name":"Signal processing","score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-theory","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-system","display_name":"Linear system","score":0.2865000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4973999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4634000062942505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101468663","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1620158","display_name":"Modular design","level":2,"score":0.4269999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3682999908924103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.35920000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104267543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208163","display_name":"Signal processing","level":3,"score":0.34439998865127563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47446073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165890","display_name":"Control theory (sociology)","level":3,"score":0.3246000111103058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3163999915122986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.314300000667572},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.29910001158714294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.28790000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6802819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1072174","display_name":"Linear system","level":2,"score":0.2865000069141388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.2809999883174896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.27239999175071716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137270730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120811","display_name":"Detection theory","level":3,"score":0.2655999958515167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106516650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm design","level":2,"score":0.2619999945163727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988995629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2915729","display_name":"Matrix algebra","level":3,"score":0.26080000400543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.26010000705718994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148764684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621751","display_name":"Approximation algorithm","level":2,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66251956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7451086","display_name":"Sensor array","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29265498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7047719","display_name":"Noise measurement","level":3,"score":0.2531999945640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988922011","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5449244","display_name":"Filtering theory","level":2,"score":0.2508000135421753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3683974","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3683974","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.4367493987083435}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3056387168","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"INCS2511","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","funder_display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322323","display_name":"King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals","ror":"https://ror.org/03yez3163"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049516452","https://openalex.org/W4221155761","https://openalex.org/W4385885073","https://openalex.org/W4388083082","https://openalex.org/W4392901637","https://openalex.org/W4394780969","https://openalex.org/W4399205858","https://openalex.org/W4402217986","https://openalex.org/W4403182224","https://openalex.org/W4408697651","https://openalex.org/W4409156912"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Velocity":[0],"estimation":[1,25,51],"is":[2],"a":[3,27,32,90],"cornerstone":[4],"of":[5,121],"the":[6,15,45,56,60,65,69,86,98,117,122,129],"recently":[7],"introduced":[8],"near-field":[9],"predictive":[10,28],"beamforming.":[11],"This":[12],"letter":[13],"derives":[14],"Cram\u00e9r\u2013Rao":[16],"bounds":[17],"(CRBs)":[18],"for":[19],"joint":[20],"radial":[21],"and":[22,50,63,96,103],"transverse":[23],"velocity":[24],"within":[26],"beamforming":[29],"framework":[30],"employing":[31],"modular":[33],"linear":[34],"array":[35,48,92],"(MLA).":[36],"We":[37],"obtain":[38],"approximated":[39],"closed-form":[40],"CRB":[41,71],"expressions":[42,108],"that":[43,54,81],"characterize":[44],"interplay":[46],"between":[47,100],"geometry":[49],"accuracy,":[52],"showing":[53],"increasing":[55],"inter-module":[57,101],"separation":[58],"enlarges":[59],"effective":[61],"aperture":[62],"reduces":[64],"transverse-velocity":[66],"CRB,":[67],"while":[68],"radial-velocity":[70],"remains":[72],"largely":[73],"insensitive":[74],"to":[75],"this":[76],"separation.":[77],"Furthermore,":[78],"we":[79],"show":[80],"an":[82],"MLA":[83],"can":[84],"achieve":[85],"same":[87],"accuracy":[88],"as":[89],"collocated":[91],"with":[93,116],"fewer":[94],"antennas":[95],"quantify":[97],"relation":[99],"spacing":[102],"antenna":[104],"savings.":[105],"The":[106],"derived":[107],"are":[109],"validated":[110],"through":[111],"simulations":[112],"by":[113],"comparing":[114],"them":[115],"mean-squared":[118],"error":[119],"(MSE)":[120],"maximum":[123],"likelihood":[124],"estimator":[125],"(MLE)":[126],"reported":[127],"in":[128],"literature.":[130]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-25T06:01:18.069262","created_date":"2026-04-24T00:00:00"}