{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7128469740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3663228","title":"Transformer-Based Hybrid Beamforming With Dynamic Subarray for Near-Space Airship-Borne Communications","display_name":"Transformer-Based Hybrid Beamforming With Dynamic Subarray for Near-Space Airship-Borne Communications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7128469740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3663228"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3663228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3663228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100387947","display_name":"Ruiqi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0431-829X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ruiqi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics and the State Key Laboratory of Environment Characteristics and Effects for Near-Space, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics and the State Key Laboratory of Environment Characteristics and Effects for Near-Space, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054396881","display_name":"Zhen Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2709-0216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165204","display_name":"Zhuhai Institute of Advanced Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05r1mzq61","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210145761","https://openalex.org/I4210165204"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhen Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2709-0216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Beijing Institute of Technology, Zhuhai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165204","https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Keke Ying","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-8273"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210148107","display_name":"Space Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/04rj1td02","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keke Ying","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Electronics and the State Key Laboratory of Environment Characteristics and Effects for Near-Space, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6999-8273","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Electronics and the State Key Laboratory of Environment Characteristics and Effects for Near-Space, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092541146","display_name":"Ziwei Wan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I125839683","display_name":"Beijing Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01skt4w74","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I125839683","https://openalex.org/I890469752"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ziwei Wan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (Jiaxing), Jiaxing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9452-6585","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yangtze Delta Region Academy, Beijing Institute of Technology (Jiaxing), Jiaxing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I125839683"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125535341","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust&#x2014;University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Interdisciplinary Center for Security, Reliability and Trust&#x2014;University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5125519113","display_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer, Electrical and Mathematical Sciences and Engineering Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100387947"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210148107"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.27189034,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"1876","last_page":"1880"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12719","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering and Energy Systems","score":0.7932000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12719","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering and Energy Systems","score":0.7932000160217285,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.07259999960660934,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.02410000003874302,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.8446999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wsdma","display_name":"WSDMA","score":0.5400999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disjoint-sets","display_name":"Disjoint sets","score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.3409000039100647}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.8446999788284302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7488999962806702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57466844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7955559","display_name":"WSDMA","level":5,"score":0.5400999784469604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4690999984741211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.44920000433921814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.4262000024318695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.4018999934196472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.36390000581741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45340560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215382","display_name":"Disjoint sets","level":2,"score":0.3610000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.3522000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.3409000039100647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143635782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1187868","display_name":"Smart antenna","level":4,"score":0.33320000767707825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48044578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q727490","display_name":"Scalability","level":2,"score":0.32010000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.30820000171661377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777303404","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759757","display_name":"Convergence (economics)","level":2,"score":0.3027999997138977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.302700012922287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.2937000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62191587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4771249","display_name":"Antenna array","level":3,"score":0.2924000024795532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24590314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q336038","display_name":"Wireless sensor network","level":2,"score":0.2700999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.26739999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C125411270","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18653","display_name":"Encoding (memory)","level":2,"score":0.2612999975681305},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.257999986410141}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3663228","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3663228","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.07509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:doi:10.48550/arxiv.2602.07509","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.9130631685256958}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4667291036","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ZR2025QA30","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6139073070","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62471036","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,25,40,101,113,168],"hybrid":[4,56],"beamforming":[5,57,67,74,103,109,123],"framework":[6,148],"for":[7,80,121,171],"massive":[8],"multiple-input":[9],"multiple-output":[10],"(MIMO)":[11],"in":[12,22],"near-space":[13],"airship-borne":[14],"communications.":[15],"To":[16],"achieve":[17],"high":[18],"energy":[19],"efficiency":[20,152],"(EE)":[21],"energy-constraint":[23],"airships,":[24],"dynamic":[26,55],"subarray":[27],"structure":[28],"is":[29,37],"introduced,":[30],"where":[31],"each":[32],"radio":[33],"frequency":[34],"chain":[35],"(RFC)":[36],"connected":[38],"to":[39,47,156],"disjoint":[41],"subset":[42],"of":[43],"the":[44,72,81,93,146],"antennas":[45,96],"according":[46],"channel":[48],"state":[49],"information":[50,79],"(CSI).":[51],"The":[52,128],"proposed":[53,129,147],"joint":[54],"network":[58,68,84,104],"(DyHBFNet)":[59],"comprises":[60],"three":[61],"key":[62],"components:":[63],"1)":[64],"An":[65],"analog":[66,73],"(ABFNet)":[69],"that":[70,90,106,145],"optimizes":[71,92,107],"matrices":[75,110],"and":[76,97,99,125,132,153],"provides":[77],"auxiliary":[78],"antenna":[82],"selection":[83],"(ASNet)":[85],"design,":[86],"2)":[87],"an":[88],"ASNet":[89],"dynamically":[91],"connections":[94],"between":[95],"RFCs,":[98],"3)":[100],"digital":[102,108],"(DBFNet)":[105],"by":[111],"employing":[112],"model-driven":[114],"weighted":[115],"minimum":[116],"mean":[117],"square":[118],"error":[119],"algorithm":[120],"improving":[122],"performance":[124,162],"convergence":[126],"speed.":[127],"ABFNet,":[130],"ASNet,":[131],"DBFNet":[133],"are":[134],"all":[135],"designed":[136],"based":[137],"on":[138],"advanced":[139],"Transformer":[140],"encoders.":[141],"Simulation":[142],"results":[143],"demonstrate":[144],"significantly":[149],"enhances":[150],"spectral":[151],"EE":[154],"compared":[155],"baseline":[157],"schemes.":[158],"Additionally,":[159],"its":[160],"robust":[161],"under":[163],"imperfect":[164],"CSI":[165],"makes":[166],"it":[167],"scalable":[169],"solution":[170],"practical":[172],"implementations.":[173]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T06:17:34.324206","created_date":"2026-02-11T00:00:00"}
