{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7124976634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3655180","title":"Dual Index Modulation for Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing Communications","display_name":"Dual Index Modulation for Affine Frequency Division Multiplexing Communications","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7124976634","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3655180"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3655180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3655180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yuzhi Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1311-9786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115513","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zzmf129","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhi Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an University of Science and Technology, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1311-9786","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an University of Science and Technology, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473","https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123420725","display_name":"Qingyuan Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210115513","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University","ror":"https://ror.org/01zzmf129","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingyuan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Communications and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an University of Science and Technology, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Communications and Information Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an University of Science and Technology, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473","https://openalex.org/I4210115513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123415552","display_name":"Yao Ge","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yao Ge","raw_affiliation_strings":["AUMOVIO-NTU Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3293-2051","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AUMOVIO-NTU Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Yin Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-5982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099312","display_name":"Shandong Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01848hk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yin Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4429-5982","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Cooperative Medianet Innovation Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099312","https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Cheng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-2414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I18014758","display_name":"Simon Fraser University","ror":"https://ror.org/0213rcc28","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cheng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3424-2414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Science, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I18014758"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5123405670","display_name":"Yong Liang Guan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Liang Guan","raw_affiliation_strings":["AUMOVIO-NTU Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9757-630X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"AUMOVIO-NTU Corporate Lab, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.828,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90433592,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"1469","last_page":"1473"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9610000252723694,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.025699999183416367,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.0032999999821186066,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.604200005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pairwise-error-probability","display_name":"Pairwise error probability","score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5478000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.5383999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.47589999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.45590001344680786}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.604200005531311},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5889000296592712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780839233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16000284","display_name":"Pairwise error probability","level":4,"score":0.5525000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5478000044822693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.5383999943733215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.5019999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4830999970436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.47749999165534973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.47589999437332153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.45590001344680786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77553402","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13222579","display_name":"Upper and lower bounds","level":2,"score":0.4131999909877777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39500001072883606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94915269","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1834857","display_name":"Detector","level":2,"score":0.38190001249313354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92757383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q382497","display_name":"Affine transformation","level":2,"score":0.3305000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.32989999651908875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.26429998874664307},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89061704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5555726","display_name":"Frequency-division multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.2635999917984009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50661577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901831","display_name":"Time-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.26179999113082886},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C102519508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6520159","display_name":"Fourier transform","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776635522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11883093","display_name":"Modulation index","level":4,"score":0.2549999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173512123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5978010","display_name":"Statistical time division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.2547999918460846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25429999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105344744","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q958957","display_name":"Spread spectrum","level":3,"score":0.25270000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57733114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1006032","display_name":"Discrete Fourier transform (general)","level":5,"score":0.25200000405311584}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3655180","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3655180","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dr.ntu.edu.sg:10356/212306","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10356/212306","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402609","display_name":"DR-NTU (Nanyang Technological University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","host_organization_name":"Nanyang Technological University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.461965948343277,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G506568557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JC-YBQN-0692","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8965635672","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U19B2015","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324173","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2132305759","https://openalex.org/W2540924152","https://openalex.org/W2612254130","https://openalex.org/W2883182640","https://openalex.org/W2888002205","https://openalex.org/W2963030992","https://openalex.org/W2965824823","https://openalex.org/W3126350314","https://openalex.org/W4221158637","https://openalex.org/W4361853646","https://openalex.org/W4389352528","https://openalex.org/W4393405317","https://openalex.org/W4406610548","https://openalex.org/W4409723627","https://openalex.org/W4412939794"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Affine":[0],"frequency":[1],"division":[2],"multiplexing":[3],"(AFDM)":[4],"is":[5],"an":[6,36,112],"emerging":[7],"multicarrier":[8],"modulation":[9,42,143],"technique":[10],"that":[11,149],"processes":[12],"signals":[13],"in":[14],"the":[15,56,64,70,105,116,132,135,140,150],"discrete":[16],"affine":[17],"Fourier":[18],"domain,":[19],"enabling":[20],"reliability":[21],"for":[22,104],"high-mobility":[23],"communications.":[24],"In":[25],"order":[26],"to":[27,45,158],"further":[28,110],"improve":[29,80],"spectral":[30],"efficiency":[31],"(SE),":[32],"this":[33],"paper":[34],"proposes":[35],"AFDM":[37],"scheme":[38,138,153],"with":[39,139],"dual":[40],"index":[41],"(DIM),":[43],"referred":[44],"as":[46],"AFDM-DIM.":[47],"Specifically,":[48],"information":[49],"bits":[50],"are":[51],"transmitted":[52],"not":[53],"only":[54],"by":[55],"traditional":[57],"symbol":[58],"constellation,":[59],"but":[60],"also":[61,88],"jointly":[62],"through":[63],"active":[65],"states":[66],"of":[67],"subcarriers":[68],"and":[69,79,97,130],"corresponding":[71],"pre-chirp":[72],"parameter":[73],"configurations,":[74],"which":[75],"can":[76],"enhance":[77],"SE":[78,133],"robustness":[81],"against":[82],"doubly":[83],"selective":[84],"fading":[85],"channels.":[86],"We":[87,109],"develop":[89],"two":[90],"detector":[91],"algorithms,":[92],"i.e.,":[93],"maximum":[94],"likelihood":[95],"(ML)":[96],"joint":[98],"minimum":[99],"mean":[100],"square":[101],"error\u2013ML":[102],"(MMSE\u2013ML)":[103],"proposed":[106,136,151],"AFDM-DIM":[107,137,152],"system.":[108],"derive":[111],"upper":[113],"bound":[114],"on":[115,127],"average":[117],"bit":[118],"error":[119,123],"rate":[120],"via":[121],"pairwise":[122],"probability":[124],"analysis":[125],"based":[126],"ML":[128],"detection,":[129],"compare":[131],"between":[134],"existing":[141,160],"AFDM-index":[142],"(IM)":[144],"systems.":[145],"Simulation":[146],"results":[147],"demonstrate":[148],"achieves":[154],"superior":[155],"performance":[156],"compared":[157],"other":[159],"AFDM-IM":[161],"schemes.":[162]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-01-21T00:00:00"}
