{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123362514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3653264","title":"Source Enumeration Using the Distribution of Angles: A Parameter-Free Approach for Grant-Free Access in Massive MIMO Uplink","display_name":"Source Enumeration Using the Distribution of Angles: A Parameter-Free Approach for Grant-Free Access in Massive MIMO Uplink","publication_year":2026,"publication_date":"2026-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123362514","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3653264"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3653264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3653264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002631341","display_name":"Gokularam Muthukrishnan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I59270414","display_name":"Indian Institute of Science Bangalore","ror":"https://ror.org/04dese585","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gokularam Muthukrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["India Urban Data Exchange, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"India Urban Data Exchange, Indian Institute of Science, Bengaluru, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103282615","display_name":"Siva Shanmugam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4697-249X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Siva Shanmugam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5121631936","display_name":"Sheetal Kalyani","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24676775","display_name":"Indian Institute of Technology Madras","ror":"https://ror.org/03v0r5n49","country_code":"IN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sheetal Kalyani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Madras, Chennai, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24676775"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5002631341"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I59270414"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.10327363,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"1430","last_page":"1434"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.5163999795913696,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.5163999795913696,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.07909999787807465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10500","display_name":"Sparse and Compressive Sensing Techniques","score":0.07240000367164612,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2206","display_name":"Computational Mechanics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.760699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance","display_name":"Covariance","score":0.6675000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6406000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/enumeration","display_name":"Enumeration","score":0.5027999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.44769999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian-process","display_name":"Gaussian process","score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.39419999718666077}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.760699987411499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7071999907493591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.6675000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6406000256538391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5662999749183655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156340839","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2704791","display_name":"Enumeration","level":2,"score":0.5027999877929688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4717999994754791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.44769999384880066},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.4196000099182129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.39419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.3686000108718872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.3546999990940094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158693339","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190524","display_name":"Eigenvalues and eigenvectors","level":2,"score":0.3521000146865845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.2971000075340271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.28859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.2827000021934509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149441793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q200726","display_name":"Probability distribution","level":2,"score":0.2777000069618225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.275299996137619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.2709999978542328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91330434","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q738298","display_name":"Multi-user MIMO","level":4,"score":0.2581000030040741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.2565999925136566}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2026.3653264","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2026.3653264","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966950301","https://openalex.org/W2000016398","https://openalex.org/W2005602327","https://openalex.org/W2009506162","https://openalex.org/W2019602541","https://openalex.org/W2033332370","https://openalex.org/W2106139345","https://openalex.org/W2113638573","https://openalex.org/W2123226256","https://openalex.org/W2467018472","https://openalex.org/W2740644510","https://openalex.org/W2756115902","https://openalex.org/W2890388200","https://openalex.org/W2972788589","https://openalex.org/W3006143078","https://openalex.org/W3032011063","https://openalex.org/W3040360205","https://openalex.org/W3123287815","https://openalex.org/W3124551778","https://openalex.org/W4213413993","https://openalex.org/W4309756913","https://openalex.org/W4361209801","https://openalex.org/W4390938914","https://openalex.org/W4394711240","https://openalex.org/W4396505738","https://openalex.org/W4401357252","https://openalex.org/W4408124997","https://openalex.org/W4408709961"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Source":[0],"enumeration,":[1],"the":[2,6,11,15,33,49,81,99,102,113,131],"task":[3],"of":[4,8,17,35,51,55,61,83,101,115],"estimating":[5,130],"number":[7,34,54,60,82],"sources":[9,36,84],"from":[10],"signal":[12],"received":[13],"by":[14],"array":[16],"antennas,":[18],"is":[19,85],"a":[20,52,58,65,96],"critical":[21],"problem":[22],"in":[23,48,129,135],"wireless":[24],"communication.":[25],"Numerous":[26],"methods":[27,120],"have":[28],"been":[29],"proposed":[30],"to":[31],"estimate":[32],"under":[37,71],"white":[38],"or":[39],"colored":[40],"Gaussian":[41,74],"noise.":[42],"However,":[43],"their":[44],"performance":[45],"degrades":[46],"significantly":[47],"presence":[50],"limited":[53],"observations":[56,91],"and/or":[57],"large":[59],"sources.":[62],"We":[63,94,110],"propose":[64],"method":[66],"that":[67,105],"performs":[68],"well":[69],"a)":[70],"both":[72],"i.i.d.":[73],"and":[75,87,125],"heavy-tailed":[76],"\u21132-norm":[77],"noise,":[78],"b)":[79],"when":[80],"large,":[86],"c)":[88],"with":[89,121],"fewer":[90],"than":[92],"antennas.":[93],"establish":[95],"condition":[97],"on":[98],"eigenvalues":[100],"observation":[103],"covariance":[104],"ensures":[106],"accurate":[107],"source":[108],"enumeration.":[109],"further":[111],"highlight":[112],"superiority":[114],"our":[116],"algorithm":[117],"over":[118],"state-of-the-art":[119],"extensive":[122],"simulation":[123],"results":[124],"validate":[126],"its":[127],"effectiveness":[128],"active":[132],"user":[133],"count":[134],"grant-free":[136],"massive":[137],"MIMO.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}