{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4415971019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3629524","title":"Gaussian Copula-Based Outage Performance Analysis of Fluid Antenna Systems: Channel Coefficient- or Envelope-Level Correlation Matrix?","display_name":"Gaussian Copula-Based Outage Performance Analysis of Fluid Antenna Systems: Channel Coefficient- or Envelope-Level Correlation Matrix?","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4415971019","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3629524"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2025.3629524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3629524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.09411","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101888898","display_name":"Rui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-2126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi&#x2019;an University of Posts &#x0026; Telecommunications, Xi&#x2019;an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi&#x2019;an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0936-2126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi&#x2019;an University of Posts &#x0026; Telecommunications, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi&#x2019;an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084784516","display_name":"Yinghui Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-3592"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yinghui Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi&#x2019;an University of Posts &#x0026; Telecommunications, Xi&#x2019;an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi&#x2019;an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0110-3592","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi&#x2019;an University of Posts &#x0026; Telecommunications, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi&#x2019;an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069850104","display_name":"Xiaoli Chu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-6149"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91136226","display_name":"University of Sheffield","ror":"https://ror.org/05krs5044","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoli Chu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1863-6149","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91136226"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010362029","display_name":"Guangyue Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3938-9207"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210136859","display_name":"Xi\u2019an University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04jn0td46","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guangyue Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi&#x2019;an University of Posts &#x0026; Telecommunications, Xi&#x2019;an, China","Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi&#x2019;an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3938-9207","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi&#x2019;an University of Posts &#x0026; Telecommunications, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Information Communication Network and Security, Xi&#x2019;an University of Posts and Telecommunications, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210136859"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046756811","display_name":"Farshad Rostami Ghadi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-369X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farshad Rostami Ghadi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0729-369X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011048761","display_name":"Kai\u2010Kit Wong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai-Kit Wong","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7521-0078","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic and Electrical Engineering, University College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9685,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75927184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":null,"first_page":"465","last_page":"469"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.17270000278949738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.17270000278949738,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10575","display_name":"Wireless Communication Networks Research","score":0.1264999955892563,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.10090000182390213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covariance-matrix","display_name":"Covariance matrix","score":0.8087999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.5171999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4952000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation","display_name":"Correlation","score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monte-carlo-method","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multivariate-normal-distribution","display_name":"Multivariate normal distribution","score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correlation-coefficient","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matrix","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","score":0.4544000029563904}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185142706","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134404","display_name":"Covariance matrix","level":2,"score":0.8087999820709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5340999960899353},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.5171999931335449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4952000081539154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117220453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5172842","display_name":"Correlation","level":2,"score":0.4860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19499675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232207","display_name":"Monte Carlo method","level":2,"score":0.4823000133037567},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4812000095844269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177384507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149000","display_name":"Multivariate normal distribution","level":3,"score":0.48080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780092901","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3433612","display_name":"Correlation coefficient","level":2,"score":0.46970000863075256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106487976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q685816","display_name":"Matrix (chemical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4544000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17618745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207509","display_name":"Copula (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4203999936580658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64812099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176604","display_name":"Random matrix","level":3,"score":0.3547999858856201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178650346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q201984","display_name":"Covariance","level":2,"score":0.35010001063346863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161584116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1952580","display_name":"Multivariate statistics","level":2,"score":0.34380000829696655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.3409999907016754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122123141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176623","display_name":"Random variable","level":2,"score":0.33719998598098755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.33399999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201080289","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156587","display_name":"Complex normal distribution","level":3,"score":0.33059999346733093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.32249999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150060386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7574054","display_name":"Spatial correlation","level":2,"score":0.30869999527931213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.29899999499320984},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61326573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1496376","display_name":"Gaussian process","level":3,"score":0.2985000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65155139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5380912","display_name":"Envelope (radar)","level":3,"score":0.2897000014781952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.2847999930381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.28110000491142273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172713675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6935144","display_name":"Multivariate t-distribution","level":4,"score":0.27390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28826006","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q33521","display_name":"Applied mathematics","level":1,"score":0.25760000944137573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.25600001215934753}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2025.3629524","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3629524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.09411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09411","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.09411","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10217005","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10217005/","pdf_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/10217005/1/Gaussian_Copula-Based_Outage_Performance_Analysis_of_Fluid_Antenna_Systems_Channel_Coefficient-or_Envelope-Level_Correlation_Matrix.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters       (2025)     (In press).","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2509.09411","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2509.09411","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2509.09411","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8517247011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62571430","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415971019.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4415971019.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Gaussian":[0],"copula":[1],"has":[2],"been":[3],"employed":[4],"to":[5],"evaluate":[6],"the":[7,16,20,35,47,54,57,76,94,98,127,133,136,143,148],"outage":[8],"performance":[9],"of":[10,73,96,135,146],"Fluid":[11],"Antenna":[12],"Systems":[13],"(FAS),":[14],"with":[15],"covariance":[17],"matrix":[18,33,39,80,101],"reflecting":[19],"dependence":[21],"among":[22],"multivariate":[23,58],"normal":[24,59],"random":[25],"variables":[26],"(RVs).":[27],"While":[28],"prior":[29],"studies":[30],"approximate":[31],"this":[32,43,89,91],"using":[34,75,97,147],"channel":[36,48,66,138],"coefficient":[37],"correlation":[38,50,79,100,150],"from":[40],"Jake\u2019s":[41],"model,":[42],"work":[44],"instead":[45],"employs":[46],"envelope":[49],"matrix,":[51,151],"motivated":[52],"by":[53,63],"fact":[55],"that":[56],"RVs":[60],"are":[61],"generated":[62],"transforming":[64],"correlated":[65,104],"envelopes.":[67],"This":[68],"raises":[69],"an":[70],"open":[71],"question":[72],"whether":[74],"coefficient-or":[77],"envelope-level":[78,99,149],"yields":[81],"better":[82],"accuracy":[83,145],"in":[84,153],"accessing":[85],"FAS":[86],"performance.":[87],"Toward":[88],"end,":[90],"paper":[92],"explores":[93],"benefits":[95],"under":[102],"fully":[103],"Nakagami-m":[105],"fading,":[106],"and":[107,141,157],"develops":[108],"a":[109,123],"method":[110],"for":[111,116,125],"generating":[112],"such":[113],"fading":[114],"channels":[115],"Monte":[117],"Carlo":[118],"simulations,":[119],"which":[120],"serve":[121],"as":[122],"benchmark":[124],"validating":[126],"theoretical":[128],"results.":[129],"Simulation":[130],"results":[131],"confirm":[132],"effectiveness":[134],"proposed":[137],"modeling":[139],"approach":[140],"demonstrate":[142],"superior":[144],"particularly":[152],"sparse":[154],"port":[155],"deployment":[156],"low-outage":[158],"regime.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-07-18T07:39:51.176621","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
