{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4413754844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3603423","title":"UAV Individual Identification via Distilled RF Fingerprints-Based LLM in ISAC Networks","display_name":"UAV Individual Identification via Distilled RF Fingerprints-Based LLM in ISAC Networks","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-08-27","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4413754844","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3603423"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2025.3603423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3603423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/651241413/Gao_WCL2025-0840.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112503122","display_name":"Haolin Zheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2325-3631"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haolin Zheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2325-3631","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103192427","display_name":"Ning Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7067-1211"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7067-1211","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008996322","display_name":"Donghong Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5350-135X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159948400","display_name":"Jinan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02xe5ns62","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghong Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5350-135X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Cyber Security, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159948400"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013079905","display_name":"Shi Jin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shi Jin","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-6021","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035876091","display_name":"Michail Matthaiou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-7741"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michail Matthaiou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centre for Wireless Innovation, Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","Centre for Wireless Innovation CWI, Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-7741","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Innovation, Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centre for Wireless Innovation CWI, Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.0877,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97541564,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"11","first_page":"3769","last_page":"3773"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9811000227928162,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9731000065803528,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9617999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6530914902687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6234057545661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distilled-water","display_name":"Distilled water","score":0.4376024007797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.18319743871688843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chromatography","display_name":"Chromatography","score":0.11952829360961914}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6530914902687073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6234057545661926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779429693","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274959","display_name":"Distilled water","level":2,"score":0.4376024007797241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.18319743871688843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.11952829360961914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2025.3603423","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3603423","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/9caa147d-d8ce-4de8-8b7b-d5d225e90068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/9caa147d-d8ce-4de8-8b7b-d5d225e90068","pdf_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/651241413/Gao_WCL2025-0840.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zheng, H, Gao, N, Cai, D, Jin, S & Matthaiou, M 2025, 'UAV individual identification via distilled RF fingerprints-based LLM in ISAC networks', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 3769-3773. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2025.3603423","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/9caa147d-d8ce-4de8-8b7b-d5d225e90068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/9caa147d-d8ce-4de8-8b7b-d5d225e90068","pdf_url":"https://pureadmin.qub.ac.uk/ws/files/651241413/Gao_WCL2025-0840.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Zheng, H, Gao, N, Cai, D, Jin, S & Matthaiou, M 2025, 'UAV individual identification via distilled RF fingerprints-based LLM in ISAC networks', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 14, no. 11, pp. 3769-3773. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2025.3603423","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1003364742","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62261160576","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G178412217","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024YFE0200700","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3847516997","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101001331","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6514431851","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371131","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320357","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321832","display_name":"Queen's University","ror":"https://ror.org/02y72wh86"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413754844.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4413754844.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2883780447","https://openalex.org/W3004543888","https://openalex.org/W3013935691","https://openalex.org/W3088383832","https://openalex.org/W3106557886","https://openalex.org/W4313477275","https://openalex.org/W4387870379","https://openalex.org/W4388979537","https://openalex.org/W4392719430","https://openalex.org/W4396506270","https://openalex.org/W4396941482","https://openalex.org/W4399618488","https://openalex.org/W4402835046","https://openalex.org/W4403826683","https://openalex.org/W4406754742","https://openalex.org/W4411634747"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4362700434","https://openalex.org/W1979078585","https://openalex.org/W2379416027","https://openalex.org/W2391372203","https://openalex.org/W3045594154","https://openalex.org/W2185562424","https://openalex.org/W2358476386"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1],"vehicle":[2],"(UAV)":[3],"individual":[4],"(ID)":[5],"identification":[6,60,165],"is":[7,91,117],"a":[8,26,76,109],"critical":[9],"security":[10],"surveillance":[11],"strategy":[12,79],"in":[13,62,105,151],"low-altitude":[14],"integrated":[15],"sensing":[16],"and":[17,172],"communication":[18],"(ISAC)":[19],"networks.":[20],"In":[21],"this":[22],"paper,":[23],"we":[24,46,74],"propose":[25,47],"novel":[27],"dynamic":[28,77],"knowledge":[29,113],"distillation":[30,97],"(KD)-enabled":[31],"wireless":[32],"radio":[33],"frequency":[34],"fingerprint":[35],"large":[36],"language":[37],"model":[38,56],"(RFF-LLM)":[39],"framework":[40,50,161],"for":[41],"UAV":[42],"ID":[43,164],"identification.":[44],"First,":[45],"an":[48],"RFF-LLM":[49,116],"based":[51,130],"on":[52,131],"the":[53,59,68,72,82,85,96,100,112,115,121,132,144,159,179],"modified":[54],"GPT-2":[55],"to":[57,80,93,120],"improve":[58],"accuracy":[61,166],"complex":[63],"outdoor":[64],"environments.":[65],"Then,":[66],"considering":[67],"parameter":[69],"overhead":[70],"of":[71,114,137,147],"RFF-LLM,":[73],"design":[75],"KD":[78],"compress":[81],"model.":[83,124],"Specifically,":[84],"proximal":[86],"policy":[87],"optimization":[88],"(PPO)":[89],"algorithm":[90],"employed":[92],"dynamically":[94],"adjust":[95],"temperature,":[98],"overcoming":[99],"local":[101],"optimum":[102],"dilemma":[103],"inherent":[104],"static":[106],"KD.":[107],"As":[108],"next":[110],"step,":[111],"adequately":[118],"transferred":[119],"lightweight":[122],"Lite-HRNet":[123],"Finally,":[125],"our":[126],"experiments":[127],"are":[128],"conducted":[129],"self-built":[133],"drone":[134],"RFF":[135],"dataset":[136],"Release":[138],"one,":[139],"namely":[140],"DRFF-R1,":[141],"by":[142],"collecting":[143],"I/Q":[145],"signals":[146],"20":[148],"commercial":[149],"UAVs":[150],"channel":[152],"149.":[153],"The":[154],"experiment":[155],"results":[156],"show":[157],"that":[158],"proposed":[160],"achieves":[162],"98.38%":[163],"with":[167],"merely":[168],"0.15":[169],"million":[170],"parameters":[171],"2.74":[173],"ms":[174],"response":[175],"time,":[176],"which":[177],"outperforms":[178],"benchmarks.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-13T07:31:44.756512","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
