{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4412353417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3588205","title":"AN Assisted Secure ISAC Beamforming: Countering Covert Eavesdropper","display_name":"AN Assisted Secure ISAC Beamforming: Countering Covert Eavesdropper","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-07-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4412353417","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3588205"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2025.3588205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3588205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054018041","display_name":"Xiao-Ying Nan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-3400-2388"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xi Nan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013368501","display_name":"Rugui Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1396-3802"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rugui Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104084726","display_name":"Wanying Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-7873-4134"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wanying Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100405476","display_name":"Fan Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0131-6424"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Fan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018427867","display_name":"Xiaoya Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1021-8225"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17145004","display_name":"Northwestern Polytechnical University","ror":"https://ror.org/01y0j0j86","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaoya Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronics and Information, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100319355","display_name":"Wenhua Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-7384"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104233","display_name":"China Electronics Corporation (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00vsv8c52","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210104233"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wenhua Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jiangnan Institute of Electronic Communication, China Electronics Technology Corporation, Beijing, China","Jiangnan Institute of Electronic Communication, China Electronics Technology Corporation, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangnan Institute of Electronic Communication, China Electronics Technology Corporation, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104233"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jiangnan Institute of Electronic Communication, China Electronics Technology Corporation, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104233"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085669756","display_name":"Margulan Ibraimov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8049-3911"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185571130","display_name":"Al-Farabi Kazakh National University","ror":"https://ror.org/03q0vrn42","country_code":"KZ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}],"countries":["KZ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Margulan Ibraimov","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physical Science and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","School of Physical Science and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, Almaty, Kazakhstan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physical Science and Technology, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185571130"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054018041"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17145004"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.8723,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91176337,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"10","first_page":"3159","last_page":"3163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7059663534164429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6896659731864929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.5637487769126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.5444042682647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5359571576118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22851189970970154}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7059663534164429},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6896659731864929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.5637487769126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5444042682647705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5359571576118469},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22851189970970154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2025.3588205","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3588205","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","score":0.4099999964237213,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G140344011","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2021A1515110077","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","funder_display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4043769563","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61701407","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6422793472","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61801218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6839763754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871327","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337111","display_name":"Basic and Applied Basic Research Foundation of Guangdong Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996215314","https://openalex.org/W2788350651","https://openalex.org/W2795059371","https://openalex.org/W3045295509","https://openalex.org/W3119152637","https://openalex.org/W3157654480","https://openalex.org/W3194620979","https://openalex.org/W3207930269","https://openalex.org/W3208138479","https://openalex.org/W4223477331","https://openalex.org/W4292071854","https://openalex.org/W4292262948","https://openalex.org/W4312051213","https://openalex.org/W4380763437","https://openalex.org/W4386090274","https://openalex.org/W4388426841","https://openalex.org/W4401692213"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2523525694","https://openalex.org/W2998642566","https://openalex.org/W2392682561","https://openalex.org/W57793151","https://openalex.org/W2804882289","https://openalex.org/W2727423897","https://openalex.org/W4210390481"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"current":[1],"physical":[2],"layer":[3],"security":[4,42],"designs":[5],"in":[6],"integrated":[7],"sensing":[8],"and":[9,25,99,127],"communication":[10],"(ISAC)":[11],"system":[12],"commonly":[13],"rely":[14],"on":[15,116],"the":[16,20,32,35,61,66,111,125,130,135],"prior":[17,38,84],"information":[18,28,39,85],"about":[19],"eavesdropper,":[21,34],"such":[22],"as":[23],"location":[24],"channel":[26],"state":[27],"(CSI).":[29],"However,":[30],"for":[31,133],"covert":[33,62,136],"absence":[36],"of":[37,68,86,129],"significantly":[40],"degrades":[41],"performance.":[43],"To":[44],"deal":[45],"with":[46],"this":[47],"issue,":[48],"an":[49,90],"artificial":[50],"noise":[51],"(AN)-assisted":[52],"ISAC":[53],"secure":[54],"beamforming":[55],"scheme":[56,74,132],"is":[57,75,108],"proposed":[58,112,131],"to":[59,93],"counter":[60],"eavesdropper":[63],"while":[64],"considering":[65],"fairness":[67],"uses\u2019":[69],"achievable":[70],"secrecy":[71],"rate.":[72],"This":[73,102],"more":[76],"robust":[77],"because":[78],"it":[79],"does":[80],"not":[81],"require":[82],"any":[83],"eavesdropper.":[87,137],"We":[88],"formulate":[89],"optimization":[91],"framework":[92,114],"jointly":[94],"design":[95],"transmitted":[96],"precoding":[97],"matrix":[98],"AN":[100],"vector.":[101],"complex":[103],"non-convex":[104],"multi-proportional":[105],"fractional":[106],"programming":[107],"solved":[109],"by":[110],"algorithm":[113],"based":[115],"quadratic":[117],"transformation-successive":[118],"convex":[119],"approximation":[120],"(QT-SCA).":[121],"Simulation":[122],"results":[123],"demonstrate":[124],"effectiveness":[126],"robustness":[128],"countering":[134]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-04-02T15:55:50.835912","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}