{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4411142959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3577681","title":"Capacity Analysis and Optimal Spacing Design for Regular Hexagonal Array MIMO Systems","display_name":"Capacity Analysis and Optimal Spacing Design for Regular Hexagonal Array MIMO Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-06-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4411142959","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3577681"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2025.3577681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3577681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018154454","display_name":"Lihua Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-0214"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lihua Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Key Laboratory of Network Convergence Communications, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4394-0214","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Key Laboratory of Network Convergence Communications, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100953398","display_name":"Jingyang Guo","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jingyang Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Key Laboratory of Network Convergence Communications, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3737-0208","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Key Laboratory of Network Convergence Communications, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100354550","display_name":"Yang Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5697-3125"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yang Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5697-3125","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112891561","display_name":"Yijian Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3567-1854"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210098582","display_name":"ZTE (China)","ror":"https://ror.org/00rjhhq63","country_code":"CN","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yijian Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Algorithm Department, ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3567-1854","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Algorithm Department, ZTE Corporation, Shenzhen, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210098582"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064942163","display_name":"Anyi Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5211-8938"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110440473","display_name":"Xi'an University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/046fkpt18","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anyi Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Xi’an Key Laboratory of Network Convergence Communications, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5211-8938","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Xi’an Key Laboratory of Network Convergence Communications, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110440473"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004181029","display_name":"Jiandong Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8851-836X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiandong Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8851-836X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.09452046,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"8","first_page":"2631","last_page":"2635"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.6827941536903381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hexagonal-crystal-system","display_name":"Hexagonal crystal system","score":0.4899377226829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.47928541898727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.36223411560058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31295883655548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2711009383201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.19096407294273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.1337868869304657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallography","display_name":"Crystallography","score":0.08416584134101868}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.6827941536903381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C128765274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q663314","display_name":"Hexagonal crystal system","level":2,"score":0.4899377226829529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47928541898727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.36223411560058594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31295883655548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2711009383201599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.19096407294273376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.1337868869304657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C8010536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160398","display_name":"Crystallography","level":1,"score":0.08416584134101868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2025.3577681","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3577681","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.6600000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4728510027","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YQ3-13","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323013","funder_display_name":"International University for Science and Technology"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6922757925","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2024JC-ZDXM-36","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323013","display_name":"International University for Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03frvp088"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336567","display_name":"Natural Science Basic Research Program of Shaanxi Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2151880705","https://openalex.org/W2908644615","https://openalex.org/W3201058623","https://openalex.org/W4229746864","https://openalex.org/W4285411704","https://openalex.org/W4321021715","https://openalex.org/W4366728248","https://openalex.org/W4392405440","https://openalex.org/W4394699164","https://openalex.org/W4404035642","https://openalex.org/W4404238508","https://openalex.org/W4404238591"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W1979597421","https://openalex.org/W2007980826","https://openalex.org/W2061531152","https://openalex.org/W3002753104","https://openalex.org/W2077600819","https://openalex.org/W2142036596","https://openalex.org/W2072657027"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"delves":[2],"into":[3],"determining":[4],"the":[5,11,36,43,52,59,69,81,92,110,113,118],"optimal":[6,120],"antenna":[7,44,106],"element":[8,45,53],"spacing":[9,46,54,121,137],"for":[10,124],"regular":[12],"hexagonal":[13],"array":[14,144,164],"(HA)":[15],"within":[16],"a":[17,31,153],"constrained":[18],"spatial":[19],"aperture":[20],"to":[21,80,84,133,161],"maximize":[22],"multi-input":[23],"multi-output":[24],"(MIMO)":[25],"system":[26,37],"capacity.":[27],"Towards":[28],"this":[29,147],"end,":[30],"precise":[32],"mathematical":[33,87],"relation":[34],"between":[35],"capacity":[38,128],"with":[39,58],"deploying":[40],"HAs":[41],"and":[42,64,76,100,138],"is":[47,55],"meticulously":[48],"established.":[49],"Given":[50],"that":[51,134,156],"implicitly":[56],"interwoven":[57],"coupling":[60,96],"matrix,":[61,66],"radiation":[62,98],"efficiency,":[63,99],"correlation":[65],"we":[67],"employ":[68],"Marcenko-Pastur":[70],"law,":[71],"polynomial":[72],"graph":[73],"fitting":[74],"(PGF),":[75],"considering":[77],"logarithmic":[78],"correction":[79],"Hannan":[82],"limit":[83],"address":[85],"complex":[86],"challenges.":[88],"These":[89],"techniques":[90],"enable":[91],"explicit":[93],"modeling":[94],"of":[95,105,112,122,130,135],"effects,":[97],"channel":[101],"eigenvalues":[102],"as":[103],"functions":[104],"spacing,":[107],"thereby":[108],"facilitating":[109],"solving":[111],"optimization":[114],"problem.":[115],"Remarkably,":[116],"using":[117],"derived":[119],"0.606261-wavelength":[123],"HA":[125],"configuration":[126],"yields":[127],"improvements":[129],"46.04%":[131],"compared":[132],"half-wavelength":[136],"48.55%":[139],"over":[140],"traditional":[141],"uniform":[142],"planar":[143,163],"(UPA).":[145],"Furthermore,":[146],"methodology":[148],"demonstrates":[149],"exceptional":[150],"adaptability,":[151],"offering":[152],"robust":[154],"framework":[155],"can":[157],"be":[158],"effectively":[159],"extended":[160],"other":[162],"structures":[165],"operating":[166],"under":[167],"similar":[168],"constraints.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}