{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4406521455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3530943","title":"Secure Transceiver Design for Discrete RIS Enhanced Dual-Functional Radar-Communication: A Symbol-Level Precoding Approach","display_name":"Secure Transceiver Design for Discrete RIS Enhanced Dual-Functional Radar-Communication: A Symbol-Level Precoding Approach","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-01-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4406521455","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3530943"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2025.3530943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3530943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086104322","display_name":"Ran Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0435-7926"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ran Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0435-7926","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090040619","display_name":"Zheng Dong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9224-324X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154099455","display_name":"Shandong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0207yh398","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zheng Dong","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9224-324X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Qingdao, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154099455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091535914","display_name":"Yue Xiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8204-5389"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Xiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8204-5389","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090212300","display_name":"Ning Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3936-7526"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ning Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3936-7526","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100726875","display_name":"Yan Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3509-9835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100448724","display_name":"Yonghui Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["AU","CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yonghui Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7702-1123","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Key Laboratory of Wireless Communications, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":2645,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2645},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7931,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96814494,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"4","first_page":"1034","last_page":"1038"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10891","display_name":"Radar Systems and Signal Processing","score":0.9883999824523926,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9866999983787537,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transceiver","display_name":"Transceiver","score":0.7452075481414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.7230110168457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7048133015632629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","score":0.4809655249118805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radar","display_name":"Radar","score":0.4675148129463196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.44376450777053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.43482595682144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4069676399230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3453788757324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21514827013015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.1574656367301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14748594164848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.09168383479118347}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7720470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q954187","display_name":"Transceiver","level":3,"score":0.7452075481414795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.7230110168457031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7048133015632629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.4809655249118805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554190296","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47528","display_name":"Radar","level":2,"score":0.4675148129463196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.44376450777053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.43482595682144165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4069676399230957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3453788757324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21514827013015747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.1574656367301941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14748594164848328},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.09168383479118347},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2025.3530943","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2025.3530943","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.6000000238418579}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4222582882","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"91938202","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5338954317","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2022CXGC010504","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336742","funder_display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6110245451","display_name":"\u786c\u4ef6\u6027\u80fd\u53d7\u9650\u4e0b\u5ba4\u5916\u6beb\u7c73\u6ce2\u5927\u89c4\u6a21MIMO\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61831004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8078696803","display_name":"\u6beb\u7c73\u6ce2\u65e0\u7ebf\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7ee7\u63a2\u6d4b\u548c\u9009\u62e9\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871070","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336742","display_name":"Key Research and Development Program of Liaoning Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149414429","https://openalex.org/W2803170239","https://openalex.org/W2971738358","https://openalex.org/W3183034622","https://openalex.org/W4223477331","https://openalex.org/W4225737845","https://openalex.org/W4226061238","https://openalex.org/W4226165103","https://openalex.org/W4250589301","https://openalex.org/W4313009396","https://openalex.org/W4385063025","https://openalex.org/W4388579605","https://openalex.org/W4388692603","https://openalex.org/W4400943840","https://openalex.org/W4406610904","https://openalex.org/W4408062040"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2152088989","https://openalex.org/W2756419127","https://openalex.org/W4366493479","https://openalex.org/W2905893439","https://openalex.org/W3135374966","https://openalex.org/W2554517556","https://openalex.org/W2953205382","https://openalex.org/W1994906402","https://openalex.org/W4285231928","https://openalex.org/W3180149110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"investigates":[2],"symbol-level":[3],"security":[4,57],"design":[5,33,73],"for":[6],"a":[7],"discrete":[8,41,76],"reconfigurable":[9],"intelligent":[10],"surface":[11],"(RIS)":[12],"enhanced":[13],"dual-functional":[14],"radar-communication":[15],"(DFRC)":[16],"system.":[17],"To":[18,87],"improve":[19],"the":[20,32,49,70,75,81,84,93,100,108,119,122],"radar":[21,51,137],"sensing":[22],"performance,":[23],"we":[24,91],"formulate":[25],"an":[26],"optimization":[27,85],"problem":[28,62],"that":[29,127,141],"jointly":[30],"addresses":[31],"of":[34,83,112,121],"space-time":[35],"transmission":[36],"waveforms,":[37],"receiving":[38],"filters,":[39],"and":[40,80,107,125,136],"reflecting":[42],"coefficients.":[43],"The":[44,60],"goal":[45],"is":[46],"to":[47,65,69,140],"maximize":[48],"minimum":[50],"signal-to-interference-plus-noise":[52],"ratio":[53],"(SINR)":[54],"while":[55],"ensuring":[56],"against":[58],"eavesdropping.":[59],"formulated":[61],"turns":[63],"out":[64],"be":[66],"intractable":[67],"due":[68],"practical":[71],"waveform":[72],"restrictions,":[74],"RIS":[77,130],"coefficient":[78],"constraints,":[79],"coupling":[82],"variables.":[86],"address":[88],"these":[89],"issues,":[90],"apply":[92],"block":[94],"coordinate":[95],"descent":[96],"(BCD)":[97],"method,":[98],"incorporating":[99],"successive":[101],"convex":[102],"approximation":[103],"(SCA),":[104],"penalty":[105],"technique,":[106],"alternating":[109],"direction":[110],"method":[111],"multipliers":[113],"(ADMM)":[114],"algorithm.":[115],"Simulation":[116],"results":[117],"demonstrate":[118],"effectiveness":[120],"proposed":[123],"scheme":[124],"show":[126],"2-bit":[128],"resolution":[129],"can":[131],"achieve":[132],"both":[133],"satisfactory":[134],"communication":[135],"performance":[138],"close":[139],"achieved":[142],"with":[143],"higher":[144],"resolutions.":[145]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}