{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4404914711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3509740","title":"When Maritime Wireless Communications Meet Evaporation Ducts: A Three-Ray Path Loss Modeling Perspective","display_name":"When Maritime Wireless Communications Meet Evaporation Ducts: A Three-Ray Path Loss Modeling Perspective","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-02","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4404914711","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3509740"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3509740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3509740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100784465","display_name":"Yuzhen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2124-3901"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yuzhen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064073489","display_name":"Ting Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0420-0566"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ting Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Microelectronics, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021320552","display_name":"Wei Feng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5147-2145"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99065089","display_name":"Tsinghua University","ror":"https://ror.org/03cve4549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Feng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99065089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091777215","display_name":"Tianheng Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7152-1378"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111959","display_name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02br7py06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210111959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tianheng Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084889205","display_name":"Honglin Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4665-5278"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I19820366","display_name":"Chinese Academy of Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/034t30j35","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210111959","display_name":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/02br7py06","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I19820366","https://openalex.org/I4210111959"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Honglin Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai, China","Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Advanced Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210111959","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100784465"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.1936,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94543373,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"14","issue":"2","first_page":"470","last_page":"474"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13121","display_name":"Radio Wave Propagation Studies","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11234","display_name":"Precipitation Measurement and Analysis","score":0.9663000106811523,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path-loss","display_name":"Path loss","score":0.741635799407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perspective","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","score":0.7197930812835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.6032018661499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5309721231460571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4753027856349945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.45605605840682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evaporation","display_name":"Evaporation","score":0.4332408905029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3271292448043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.13929423689842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/meteorology","display_name":"Meteorology","score":0.13009145855903625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.11399519443511963}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194273485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1478845","display_name":"Path loss","level":3,"score":0.741635799407959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12713177","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1900281","display_name":"Perspective (graphical)","level":2,"score":0.7197930812835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.6032018661499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5309721231460571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4753027856349945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.45605605840682983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61441594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q132814","display_name":"Evaporation","level":2,"score":0.4332408905029297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3271292448043823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.13929423689842224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.13009145855903625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.11399519443511963}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3509740","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3509740","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3462742261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62425110","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5675520120","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"23xtcx00100","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321885","display_name":"Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality","ror":"https://ror.org/03kt66j61"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970350413","https://openalex.org/W1994355035","https://openalex.org/W2021912909","https://openalex.org/W2125176078","https://openalex.org/W2154028411","https://openalex.org/W2583119156","https://openalex.org/W2766546178","https://openalex.org/W2914126415","https://openalex.org/W2963898372","https://openalex.org/W3019171297","https://openalex.org/W3030720754","https://openalex.org/W3128254715","https://openalex.org/W3175860218","https://openalex.org/W4280573257","https://openalex.org/W4285148926","https://openalex.org/W4287890146","https://openalex.org/W4291653262","https://openalex.org/W4301359260","https://openalex.org/W4312616497","https://openalex.org/W4321788658","https://openalex.org/W4362544292","https://openalex.org/W4388983854","https://openalex.org/W4389665108"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1588057903","https://openalex.org/W2953613577","https://openalex.org/W1949722210","https://openalex.org/W1973901544","https://openalex.org/W3088968802","https://openalex.org/W2158685349","https://openalex.org/W4281388183","https://openalex.org/W3121470477","https://openalex.org/W2803573071","https://openalex.org/W3203000479"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"To":[0,67],"realize":[1],"the":[2,12,19,46,70,77,82,95,102,108,116,121,137,140,160,173,181],"6G":[3],"maritime":[4,23,29,49,57,71,184],"broadband":[5],"communications,":[6],"it":[7],"is":[8],"essential":[9],"to":[10,86,99,112,120,135,153],"address":[11],"challenge":[13],"of":[14,22,48,104,139],"limited":[15],"coverage":[16,43],"caused":[17],"by":[18],"unique":[20],"characteristics":[21],"environment.":[24],"Fortunately,":[25],"as":[26],"a":[27,56,126],"prevalent":[28],"atmospheric":[30],"layer":[31],"with":[32,131,159],"super":[33],"refraction,":[34],"evaporation":[35,65,93],"ducts":[36],"present":[37],"an":[38],"opportunity":[39],"for":[40,60,88,101],"extending":[41],"long-distance":[42],"and":[44,115,167],"enhancing":[45],"quality":[47],"communications.":[50],"In":[51],"this":[52,74],"letter,":[53],"we":[54],"propose":[55],"three-ray":[58],"model":[59,75,85,175],"path":[61,162],"loss":[62,163],"prediction":[63,178],"in":[64,92],"ducts.":[66],"accurately":[68],"mimic":[69],"wireless":[72,128],"environment,":[73],"incorporates":[76],"round":[78],"earth":[79,122],"geometric":[80],"model,":[81],"equivalent":[83],"third-ray":[84],"account":[87,100],"radio":[89],"wave":[90,113],"propagation":[91],"ducts,":[94],"effective":[96],"reflection":[97],"coefficient":[98,110],"effects":[103],"rough":[105],"sea":[106],"surface,":[107],"fading":[109],"due":[111,119],"fluctuations,":[114],"divergence":[117],"factor":[118],"curvature.":[123],"We":[124],"utilize":[125],"shore-to-ship":[127],"measurement":[129],"data":[130,134,164],"synchronous":[132],"meteorological":[133],"verify":[136],"accuracy":[138],"proposed":[141,174],"model.":[142,185],"The":[143],"range-dependent":[144],"results":[145],"at":[146],"12":[147],"frequency":[148],"points":[149],"from":[150],"5.25":[151],"GHz":[152],"12.74":[154],"GHz,":[155],"show":[156],"excellent":[157],"agreement":[158],"measured":[161],"both":[165],"within":[166],"beyond":[168],"line-of-sight":[169],"distances,":[170],"implying":[171],"that":[172],"has":[176],"better":[177],"performance":[179],"than":[180],"latest":[182],"two-ray":[183]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
