{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403390538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3480152","title":"Distributed Multi-UAV Trajectory Planning for Downlink Transmission: A GNN-Enhanced DRL Approach","display_name":"Distributed Multi-UAV Trajectory Planning for Downlink Transmission: A GNN-Enhanced DRL Approach","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403390538","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3480152"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3480152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3480152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065484443","display_name":"Yifan Du","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2382-9470"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yifan Du","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-2382-9470","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009817758","display_name":"Nan Qi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0125-370X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nan Qi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0125-370X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027666280","display_name":"Xiaojie Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2632-179X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaojie Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2632-179X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037292846","display_name":"Ming Xiao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5407-0835"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering of KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5407-0835","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering of KTH, Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083860419","display_name":"Alexandros\u2013Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-0872"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I89506807","display_name":"University of Western Macedonia","ror":"https://ror.org/00a5pe906","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alexandros-Apostolos A. Boulogeorgos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8345-0872","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Western Macedonia, Kozani, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I89506807"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020442416","display_name":"Theodoros A. Tsiftsis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-3932"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145722265","display_name":"University of Thessaly","ror":"https://ror.org/04v4g9h31","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Theodoros A. Tsiftsis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-3932","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Informatics and Telecommunications, University of Thessaly, Lamia, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145722265"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100785103","display_name":"Qihui Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9521-5084"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I9842412","display_name":"Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics","ror":"https://ror.org/01scyh794","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qihui Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9521-5084","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Laboratory of Dynamic Cognitive System of Electromagnetic Spectrum Space, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I9842412"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":27.0093,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99480519,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"3578","last_page":"3582"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10246","display_name":"Mobile Ad Hoc Networks","score":0.9908000230789185,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10761","display_name":"Vehicular Ad Hoc Networks (VANETs)","score":0.989300012588501,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7298126220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6806361079216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/trajectory","display_name":"Trajectory","score":0.6717057228088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5505754947662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/motion-planning","display_name":"Motion planning","score":0.43059903383255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.39916351437568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.33674395084381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.17871850728988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.15179991722106934}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7298126220703125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6806361079216003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13662910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193139","display_name":"Trajectory","level":2,"score":0.6717057228088379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5505754947662354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81074085","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q366872","display_name":"Motion planning","level":3,"score":0.43059903383255005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.39916351437568665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.33674395084381104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.17871850728988647},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.15179991722106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3480152","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3480152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1557826428","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No.NS2023018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G157886057","display_name":"\u5927\u89c4\u6a21\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u96c6\u7fa4\u667a\u80fd\u81ea\u7ec4\u7f51\u7406\u8bba\u4e0e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61931011","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1616246131","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ISN24-02","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2695957178","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NS2023018","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4146704520","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271253","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7341600327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"No. 62271253","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2886509985","https://openalex.org/W3152640450","https://openalex.org/W3195088590","https://openalex.org/W4226457030","https://openalex.org/W4285301536","https://openalex.org/W4295789133","https://openalex.org/W4385627151","https://openalex.org/W4393058962","https://openalex.org/W4401163973","https://openalex.org/W6766805167"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W4388081250","https://openalex.org/W2909457694","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W4321608401","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W3193749313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unmanned":[0],"aerial":[1,22],"vehicle":[2],"(UAV)":[3],"swarms":[4],"hold":[5],"significant":[6,58],"potential":[7],"for":[8],"widespread":[9],"application":[10],"in":[11,154],"disaster":[12],"rescue":[13],"scenarios.":[14],"One":[15],"typical":[16],"example":[17],"involves":[18],"UAVs":[19,107],"acting":[20],"as":[21,117],"access":[23],"points,":[24],"providing":[25],"communication":[26],"service":[27],"to":[28,39,69,71],"terrestrial":[29],"users.":[30],"Multi-agent":[31],"reinforcement":[32,98],"learning":[33,99,124],"(MARL)":[34],"algorithms":[35],"can":[36,139],"be":[37],"used":[38],"plan":[40],"UAV":[41],"swarms\u2019":[42],"flight":[43],"trajectories.":[44],"However,":[45],"most":[46],"of":[47,65,75,130,144,157],"the":[48,72,76,84,111,118,122,126,131,136,141,145,155],"exiting":[49],"path":[50],"planning":[51],"schemes":[52],"based":[53],"on":[54],"MARL":[55],"encounters":[56],"two":[57],"challenges:":[59],"They":[60],"require":[61],"a":[62,90,102,151],"long":[63],"time":[64],"training":[66,158],"and":[67,121],"struggle":[68],"adapt":[70],"dimensional":[73],"changes":[74],"state":[77],"space":[78],"observed":[79],"by":[80,148],"UAVs.":[81],"To":[82],"address":[83],"above":[85],"issues,":[86],"this":[87],"letter":[88],"introduces":[89,115],"graph":[91],"neural":[92],"network":[93],"(GNN)":[94],"enhanced":[95],"distributed":[96],"deep":[97],"approach":[100],"integrating":[101],"designed":[103],"transfer":[104,123],"learning.":[105],"All":[106],"are":[108],"trained":[109],"under":[110],"QMix":[112,146],"algorithm,":[113],"GNN":[114],"itself":[116],"UAV\u2019s":[119],"observer,":[120],"freezes":[125],"aggregation":[127],"layer":[128],"parameters":[129],"GNN.":[132],"Simulations":[133],"highlight":[134],"that":[135],"proposed":[137],"method":[138],"improve":[140],"convergence":[142],"speed":[143],"algorithm":[147],"65%":[149],"with":[150],"23%":[152],"reduction":[153],"number":[156],"parameters.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-30T17:31:21.811387","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
