{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4403182703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3474774","title":"Novel Iterative Approach for Time-of-Arrivals-Based Localization With Maximum Likelihood Estimation","display_name":"Novel Iterative Approach for Time-of-Arrivals-Based Localization With Maximum Likelihood Estimation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-10-07","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4403182703","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3474774"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3474774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3474774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088678551","display_name":"Shixun Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7797-5610"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63371133","display_name":"Chongqing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t001k65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Shixun Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113392988","display_name":"Kuangyu Zhou","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63371133","display_name":"Chongqing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t001k65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kuangyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100376458","display_name":"Miao Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9959-7238"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63371133","display_name":"Chongqing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t001k65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Miao Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067366238","display_name":"Kanapathippillai Cumanan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9735-7019"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kanapathippillai Cumanan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, U.K","School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031126443","display_name":"Saeed Mohammadzadeh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3079-1929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I52099693","display_name":"University of York","ror":"https://ror.org/04m01e293","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saeed Mohammadzadeh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, U.K","School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Physics, Engineering and Technology, University of York, York, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I52099693"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102903136","display_name":"Kai Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4769-994X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63371133","display_name":"Chongqing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t001k65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035034944","display_name":"Zhangli Lan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63371133","display_name":"Chongqing Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/01t001k65","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhangli Lan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Chongqing Jiaotong University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077149719","display_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8528-0512"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130438778","display_name":"Memorial University of Newfoundland","ror":"https://ror.org/04haebc03","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Octavia A. Dobre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Memorial University, St. John’s, NL, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130438778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5088678551"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63371133"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2054,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.52368797,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"12","first_page":"3503","last_page":"3507"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10711","display_name":"Target Tracking and Data Fusion in Sensor Networks","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10655","display_name":"GNSS positioning and interference","score":0.9851999878883362,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","score":0.6546306610107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.612987220287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/iterative-method","display_name":"Iterative method","score":0.5629479289054871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation","display_name":"Estimation","score":0.5482105612754822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximum-likelihood-sequence-estimation","display_name":"Maximum likelihood sequence estimation","score":0.5275879502296448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.45507892966270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4241960346698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimation-theory","display_name":"Estimation theory","score":0.39748334884643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.29582440853118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.25986912846565247}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49781872","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045555","display_name":"Maximum likelihood","level":2,"score":0.6546306610107422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.612987220287323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159694833","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2321565","display_name":"Iterative method","level":2,"score":0.5629479289054871},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96250715","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q965330","display_name":"Estimation","level":2,"score":0.5482105612754822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191462741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6795902","display_name":"Maximum likelihood sequence estimation","level":3,"score":0.5275879502296448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.45507892966270447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4241960346698761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167928553","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1376021","display_name":"Estimation theory","level":2,"score":0.39748334884643555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.29582440853118896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.25986912846565247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3474774","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3474774","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2339629830","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2022BSXM-JCX0113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321550","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Science and Technology Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3042927771","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0017","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4103762344","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/X01309X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4605834835","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJQN202000703","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5883846793","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101080","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6910752610","display_name":"Cell-free massive MIMO for future wireless networks","funder_award_id":"EP/X01309X/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8794903625","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"KJQN202100738","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","funder_display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G936793329","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CSTB2024NSCQ-MSX0275","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321550","display_name":"Chongqing Science and Technology Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/05w9erc61"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320323172","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Chongqing","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320324805","display_name":"Chongqing Municipal Education Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/031nm5713"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2029224552","https://openalex.org/W2035539843","https://openalex.org/W2107376953","https://openalex.org/W2754132388","https://openalex.org/W2766912321","https://openalex.org/W2914682476","https://openalex.org/W4214841623","https://openalex.org/W4285208299","https://openalex.org/W4294068638","https://openalex.org/W4295414007","https://openalex.org/W4390843686","https://openalex.org/W6770660654"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499442185","https://openalex.org/W2366184732","https://openalex.org/W2379466508","https://openalex.org/W2120595071","https://openalex.org/W3139607207","https://openalex.org/W2090147078","https://openalex.org/W1600683375","https://openalex.org/W2155160077","https://openalex.org/W2978085921","https://openalex.org/W2353424004"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,100],"this":[1,39,56],"letter,":[2],"the":[3,35,60,83,89,94,102,108,112,120,124,134,143,147,157],"problem":[4,23,40,64],"of":[5,38,85,119],"localizing":[6],"in":[7,123],"a":[8,98,116],"wireless":[9],"environment":[10],"with":[11,151],"non-line-of-sight":[12],"(NLoS)":[13],"propagation":[14],"without":[15],"strict":[16],"time":[17],"synchronization":[18],"is":[19,41,79,105],"being":[20],"considered.":[21],"This":[22],"utilizes":[24],"maximum":[25],"likelihood":[26],"(ML)":[27],"estimation":[28],"based":[29],"on":[30],"time-of-arrival":[31],"(TOA)":[32],"measurements.":[33],"However,":[34],"original":[36,61,135],"form":[37,91],"not":[42],"convex":[43,51,67],"and":[44,72,92],"cannot":[45],"be":[46],"directly":[47],"solved":[48],"using":[49,107],"standard":[50],"optimization":[52],"techniques.":[53],"To":[54],"overcome":[55],"issue,":[57],"we":[58,127],"decompose":[59],"non-convex":[62],"localization":[63,136,149],"into":[65,88],"two":[66],"sub-problems:":[68],"quadratic":[69,90],"programming":[70],"(QP)":[71],"linear":[73],"regression":[74],"(LR).":[75],"The":[76,138],"QP":[77,125],"sub-problem":[78,104],"formulated":[80],"by":[81],"converting":[82],"numerator":[84],"ML":[86,158],"expression":[87],"regarding":[93],"nonlinear":[95,109],"denominator":[96],"as":[97],"weight.":[99],"contrast,":[101],"LR":[103],"built":[106],"relation":[110],"among":[111],"defined":[113],"variables.":[114],"Through":[115],"dynamic":[117],"adjustment":[118],"objective":[121],"function":[122],"sub-problem,":[126],"develop":[128],"an":[129],"iterative":[130],"algorithm":[131,145],"to":[132,156],"solve":[133],"problem.":[137],"simulation":[139],"results":[140],"demonstrate":[141],"that":[142],"proposed":[144],"achieves":[146],"same":[148],"accuracy":[150],"reduced":[152],"computational":[153],"complexity":[154],"compared":[155],"estimation-based":[159],"localization.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}