{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402674153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3464858","title":"Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient-Based Physical Layer Authentication Scheme Under Unknown Attacking Environment","display_name":"Deep Deterministic Policy Gradient-Based Physical Layer Authentication Scheme Under Unknown Attacking Environment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402674153","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3464858"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3464858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3464858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107420316","display_name":"Dichen Jiu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dichen Jiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100373201","display_name":"Yichen Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4593-2605"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yichen Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046957572","display_name":"Moqi Liu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87445476","display_name":"Xi'an Jiaotong University","ror":"https://ror.org/017zhmm22","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moqi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communications Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an Jiaotong University, Xi&#x2019;an, Shaanxi, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045995606","display_name":"Julian Cheng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6310-8236"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141945490","display_name":"University of British Columbia","ror":"https://ror.org/03rmrcq20","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260628","display_name":"University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus","ror":"https://ror.org/04241wz75","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Julian Cheng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, The University of British Columbia, Kelowna, BC, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141945490","https://openalex.org/I4405260628"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5107420316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87445476"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4826,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.62137252,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"3247","last_page":"3251"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9460999965667725,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9460999965667725,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14347","display_name":"Big Data and Digital Economy","score":0.930899977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9006999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6358051896095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/authentication","display_name":"Authentication (law)","score":0.5906267762184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-layer","display_name":"Physical layer","score":0.5596343874931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/layer","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","score":0.5286210775375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scheme","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","score":0.5099779367446899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/message-authentication-code","display_name":"Message authentication code","score":0.4227883219718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4095565378665924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3763556182384491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.30033421516418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.21528178453445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16277551651000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.15813398361206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.08980163931846619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.08547797799110413}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6358051896095276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148417208","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4825882","display_name":"Authentication (law)","level":2,"score":0.5906267762184143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19247436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192727","display_name":"Physical layer","level":3,"score":0.5596343874931335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.5286210775375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5099779367446899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141492731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1052621","display_name":"Message authentication code","level":3,"score":0.4227883219718933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4095565378665924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3763556182384491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.30033421516418457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.21528178453445435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16277551651000977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.15813398361206055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.08980163931846619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.08547797799110413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3464858","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3464858","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5124104486","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071373","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8687995547","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62271383","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2002254092","https://openalex.org/W2012672797","https://openalex.org/W2109631601","https://openalex.org/W2115735006","https://openalex.org/W2314565273","https://openalex.org/W2344173564","https://openalex.org/W2995099986","https://openalex.org/W3001072634","https://openalex.org/W3123476713","https://openalex.org/W3127329908","https://openalex.org/W4290996499","https://openalex.org/W4320015953","https://openalex.org/W6684921986","https://openalex.org/W6748839928"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2242172122","https://openalex.org/W2166668397","https://openalex.org/W2116285675","https://openalex.org/W1533309011","https://openalex.org/W3048245612","https://openalex.org/W4285813075","https://openalex.org/W1980599209","https://openalex.org/W4220718301","https://openalex.org/W1555715488","https://openalex.org/W2061637199"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Physical":[0],"layer":[1],"authentication":[2,104],"(PLA)":[3],"is":[4,39,84],"considered":[5],"as":[6],"a":[7,58,162],"promising":[8],"method":[9],"to":[10,23,67,100,135],"resist":[11],"spoofing":[12],"attacks,":[13],"where":[14,91],"the":[15,28,34,42,78,87,103,113,116,120,124,132,137,141,147,150,157],"stochastic":[16],"features":[17],"of":[18,27,37,94,149],"wireless":[19],"channels":[20],"are":[21,98,129],"used":[22,99],"detect":[24],"attackers.":[25],"Most":[26],"existing":[29],"PLA":[30,64],"schemes":[31],"assume":[32],"that":[33,156],"prior":[35],"information":[36],"attackers":[38,72],"known":[40],"by":[41,110],"receiver,":[43],"which":[44],"might":[45],"not":[46],"be":[47],"realized":[48],"in":[49,86,106,140],"realistic":[50],"networks.":[51],"To":[52],"address":[53],"this":[54],"issue,":[55],"we":[56],"propose":[57],"deep":[59,79,95],"deterministic":[60,80],"policy":[61,81,114,127,151],"gradient":[62,82],"based":[63],"(DPLA)":[65],"scheme":[66,134,159],"identify":[68],"legitimate":[69],"transmitters":[70],"and":[71,115,123,145],"under":[73],"unknown":[74],"attacking":[75],"environment.":[76],"Specifically,":[77],"approach":[83,122],"employed":[85],"proposed":[88,133,158],"DPLA":[89],"scheme,":[90],"two":[92],"types":[93],"neural":[96],"networks":[97],"adaptively":[101],"adjust":[102],"strategy":[105],"continuous":[107],"action":[108],"space":[109],"learning":[111],"both":[112],"state-action":[117],"value.":[118],"Moreover,":[119],"double-Q":[121],"delayed":[125],"update":[126],"network":[128],"integrated":[130],"into":[131],"reduce":[136],"overestimation":[138],"bias":[139],"value":[142],"estimation":[143],"process":[144],"ensure":[146],"stability":[148],"learning.":[152],"Simulation":[153],"results":[154],"show":[155],"can":[160],"achieve":[161],"substantial":[163],"performance":[164],"gain":[165],"over":[166],"several":[167],"reference":[168],"schemes.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
