{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402401592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3456899","title":"Firefly Algorithm for Movable Antenna Arrays","display_name":"Firefly Algorithm for Movable Antenna Arrays","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402401592","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3456899"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3456899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3456899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062940299","display_name":"M\u1ea1nh Kha Ho\u00e0ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-5969"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45756140","display_name":"Hanoi University of Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05hhz4s12","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45756140"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Manh Kha Hoang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0938-5969","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45756140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100458415","display_name":"Tuan Anh Le","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0612-3717"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","display_name":"Middlesex University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuan Anh Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Design Engineering and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, U.K","Department of Design Engineering and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, U. K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0612-3717","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Design Engineering and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Design Engineering and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, U. K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074029232","display_name":"Thuc Kieu-Xuan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-7027"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45756140","display_name":"Hanoi University of Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05hhz4s12","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45756140"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kieu-Xuan Thuc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1464-7027","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45756140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088573640","display_name":"Tong Van Luyen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5508-0402"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45756140","display_name":"Hanoi University of Industry","ror":"https://ror.org/05hhz4s12","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45756140"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tong Van Luyen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5508-0402","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Electronics Engineering, Hanoi University of Industry, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45756140"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009930587","display_name":"Xin\u2010She Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8231-5556"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I60488453","display_name":"Middlesex University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rv4p989","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xin-She Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Design Engineering and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, U.K","Department of Design Engineering and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, U. K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8231-5556","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Design Engineering and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Design Engineering and Mathematics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Middlesex University, The Burroughs, Hendon, London, U. K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I60488453"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006080984","display_name":"Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-712X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I31746571","display_name":"UNSW Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/03r8z3t63","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Derrick Wing Kwan Ng","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6400-712X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I31746571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":10.124,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97462819,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"3157","last_page":"3161"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.581351101398468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firefly-algorithm","display_name":"Firefly algorithm","score":0.5739092826843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.5225391387939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.44230926036834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firefly-protocol","display_name":"Firefly protocol","score":0.4397938847541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3927982449531555}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.581351101398468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154982244","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5451844","display_name":"Firefly algorithm","level":3,"score":0.5739092826843262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.5225391387939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.44230926036834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107477482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q22570039","display_name":"Firefly protocol","level":2,"score":0.4397938847541809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3927982449531555},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85617194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2072794","display_name":"Particle swarm optimization","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90856448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q431","display_name":"Zoology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3456899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3456899","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388092524","https://openalex.org/W4390356862","https://openalex.org/W4390660036","https://openalex.org/W4391235328","https://openalex.org/W4391305366","https://openalex.org/W4392152740","https://openalex.org/W4392405440","https://openalex.org/W4392902488","https://openalex.org/W4394896958","https://openalex.org/W4395097211"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2222304693","https://openalex.org/W4200439108","https://openalex.org/W2940563633","https://openalex.org/W2490269892","https://openalex.org/W2757862489","https://openalex.org/W2411884393","https://openalex.org/W2138097482","https://openalex.org/W2984874436","https://openalex.org/W2912808862","https://openalex.org/W2890875110"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,90],"letter":[1],"addresses":[2],"a":[3,51],"multivariate":[4,100],"optimization":[5,65,85,103],"problem":[6],"for":[7],"linear":[8],"movable":[9],"antenna":[10],"arrays":[11],"(MAAs).":[12],"Particularly,":[13],"the":[14,20,28,64,70,74,80,94],"position":[15],"and":[16,86,101],"beamforming":[17,30],"vectors":[18],"of":[19,73],"under-investigated":[21],"MAA":[22],"are":[23],"optimized":[24],"simultaneously":[25],"to":[26,58,63,79,93],"maximize":[27],"minimum":[29],"gain":[31],"across":[32],"several":[33],"intended":[34],"directions,":[35],"while":[36],"ensuring":[37],"interference":[38],"levels":[39],"at":[40],"various":[41],"unintended":[42],"directions":[43],"remain":[44],"below":[45],"specified":[46],"thresholds.":[47],"To":[48],"this":[49],"end,":[50],"swarm-intelligence-based":[52],"firefly":[53],"algorithm":[54],"(FA)":[55],"is":[56,91],"introduced":[57],"acquire":[59],"an":[60],"effective":[61],"solution":[62],"problem.":[66],"Simulation":[67],"results":[68],"reveal":[69],"superior":[71],"performance":[72],"proposed":[75],"FA":[76],"approach":[77,82],"compared":[78],"state-of-the-art":[81],"employing":[83],"alternating":[84],"successive":[87],"convex":[88],"approximation.":[89],"attributed":[92],"FA\u2019s":[95],"effectiveness":[96],"in":[97],"handling":[98],"non-convex":[99],"multimodal":[102],"problems":[104],"without":[105],"resorting":[106],"approximations.":[107]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}