{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4402401810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3454761","title":"3D Mobility Models and Their Impact on the Outage Performance of UAV Communications","display_name":"3D Mobility Models and Their Impact on the Outage Performance of UAV Communications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-09-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4402401810","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3454761"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3454761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3454761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/file/2783815/1/Accepted%20Journal%20Article","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018964013","display_name":"Aziz Altaf Khuwaja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9061-8941"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I68288478","display_name":"Sukkur IBA University","ror":"https://ror.org/03e5jvk98","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I68288478"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aziz Altaf Khuwaja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, Pakistan","Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9061-8941","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68288478"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Engineering, Sukkur IBA University, Sukkur, Sindh, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I68288478"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102013387","display_name":"Yunfei Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-1805"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","display_name":"Durham University","ror":"https://ror.org/01v29qb04","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunfei Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, U.K","Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, UK"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8083-1805","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Engineering, Durham University, Durham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.0857,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96261924,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"11","first_page":"3129","last_page":"3132"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9962999820709229,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.670016884803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4719378650188446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobility-model","display_name":"Mobility model","score":0.42479878664016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.3318067789077759}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.670016884803772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4719378650188446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191485582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6887309","display_name":"Mobility model","level":2,"score":0.42479878664016724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3318067789077759}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3454761","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3454761","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:2783815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2783815","pdf_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/file/2783815/1/Accepted%20Journal%20Article","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:durham-repository.worktribe.com:2783815","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/output/2783815","pdf_url":"https://durham-repository.worktribe.com/file/2783815/1/Accepted%20Journal%20Article","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400188","display_name":"Durham Research Online (Durham University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I190082696","host_organization_name":"Durham University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I190082696"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1969960863","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON-MSCA-2022-SE 101129618 UNITE (EPSRC EP/Y0","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338445","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Climate, Energy and Mobility"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338445","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Climate, Energy and Mobility","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402401810.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4402401810.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2018404935","https://openalex.org/W2148135143","https://openalex.org/W2922832438","https://openalex.org/W2989770665","https://openalex.org/W3024125458","https://openalex.org/W3026391318","https://openalex.org/W3049171528","https://openalex.org/W3216620656","https://openalex.org/W4221039430","https://openalex.org/W4226468207"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2554282488","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2358668433","https://openalex.org/W4396701345","https://openalex.org/W2376932109","https://openalex.org/W2001405890","https://openalex.org/W4396696052","https://openalex.org/W2382290278"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"derives":[2],"new":[3,23],"three-dimensional":[4],"(3D)":[5],"mobility":[6,25,44,104],"models":[7,27,45,105],"and":[8,41,49,57,78],"analyzes":[9],"their":[10],"impact":[11,101],"on":[12,106],"the":[13,29,47,66,72,79,86,90,99,107,110],"outage":[14,87,108],"performance":[15],"of":[16,65,89,102,109],"unmanned":[17],"aerial":[18],"vehicle":[19],"(UAV)":[20],"communications.":[21],"Specifically,":[22],"hybrid":[24],"(HM)":[26],"for":[28,71],"UAV":[30,80,91],"movement":[31],"in":[32,46],"3D":[33],"space":[34],"are":[35,81],"derived":[36],"by":[37],"merging":[38],"one-dimensional":[39],"(1D)":[40],"two-dimensional":[42],"(2D)":[43],"vertical":[48],"horizontal":[50],"directions,":[51],"employing":[52],"both":[53],"random":[54,58,73],"distance":[55],"(RD)":[56],"waypoint":[59],"(RWP)":[60],"models.":[61],"Then,":[62],"closed-form":[63],"expressions":[64],"cumulative":[67],"distribution":[68],"functions":[69],"(CDFs)":[70],"distances":[74],"between":[75],"ground":[76],"user":[77],"obtained.":[82],"Using":[83],"these":[84],"CDFs,":[85],"probability":[88],"communications":[92],"system":[93],"is":[94],"calculated.":[95],"Numerical":[96],"results":[97],"demonstrate":[98],"severe":[100],"different":[103],"considered":[111],"system.":[112]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-07-02T09:51:11.867554","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
