{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4400877897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3432395","title":"Outage Analysis of Hybrid VLC/RF Networks With an Energy Harvesting Relay and Random Receiver Orientation","display_name":"Outage Analysis of Hybrid VLC/RF Networks With an Energy Harvesting Relay and Random Receiver Orientation","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-07-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4400877897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3432395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3432395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3432395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042545183","display_name":"Amir Hossein Fahim Raouf","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-021X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Amir Hossein Fahim Raouf","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9822-021X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067213733","display_name":"Chethan Kumar Anjinappa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0784-4498"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210139236","display_name":"Ericsson (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03q3bdj78","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306339040","https://openalex.org/I4210139236"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chethan Kumar Anjinappa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Radio Research, Ericsson, Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0784-4498","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Radio Research, Ericsson, Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210139236"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016722903","display_name":"\u0130smail G\u00fcven\u00e7","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-6242"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137902535","display_name":"North Carolina State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04tj63d06","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ismail Guvenc","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1387-6242","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5042545183"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137902535"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4006,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.60102839,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"2601","last_page":"2605"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12309","display_name":"solar cell performance optimization","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy-harvesting","display_name":"Energy harvesting","score":0.6855988502502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/relay","display_name":"Relay","score":0.6629250049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/radio-frequency","display_name":"Radio frequency","score":0.6092067956924438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visible-light-communication","display_name":"Visible light communication","score":0.5481595396995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5469950437545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orientation","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","score":0.4747070372104645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.45570051670074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.45536983013153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4481625556945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3583773970603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.34036701917648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.217143714427948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.16259688138961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12580424547195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.11928164958953857}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101518730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q930236","display_name":"Energy harvesting","level":3,"score":0.6855988502502441},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778156585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q174053","display_name":"Relay","level":3,"score":0.6629250049591064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74064498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3396184","display_name":"Radio frequency","level":2,"score":0.6092067956924438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160487672","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1426313","display_name":"Visible light communication","level":3,"score":0.5481595396995544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5469950437545776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16345878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q107472979","display_name":"Orientation (vector space)","level":2,"score":0.4747070372104645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.45570051670074463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.45536983013153076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4481625556945801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3583773970603943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.34036701917648315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.217143714427948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.16259688138961792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12580424547195435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11928164958953857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176666156","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25504","display_name":"Light-emitting diode","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3432395","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3432395","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2217940274","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CNS-1910153","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W645687221","https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W2001136050","https://openalex.org/W2619775665","https://openalex.org/W2792445486","https://openalex.org/W2887272657","https://openalex.org/W2931656328","https://openalex.org/W2963178375","https://openalex.org/W3000554974","https://openalex.org/W3105900634","https://openalex.org/W3135711327","https://openalex.org/W3148417606","https://openalex.org/W3162882152","https://openalex.org/W3172150654","https://openalex.org/W3213712544"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2501797479","https://openalex.org/W2997630107","https://openalex.org/W3109516991","https://openalex.org/W2291056487","https://openalex.org/W2289149990","https://openalex.org/W4233484225","https://openalex.org/W2791994394","https://openalex.org/W4296935286","https://openalex.org/W2584021408","https://openalex.org/W2087560913"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,28],"this":[1],"letter,":[2],"we":[3,122],"study":[4],"an":[5],"indoor":[6],"downlink":[7],"cooperative":[8],"hybrid":[9,102],"visible":[10],"light":[11,42],"communication":[12],"(VLC)":[13],"and":[14,110,117,135,141,147],"radio":[15],"frequency":[16],"(RF)":[17],"scenario":[18],"using":[19],"a":[20,61],"relay":[21,57,62,79,116,148],"node":[22,58],"to":[23,34,70],"reduce":[24],"system":[25],"outage":[26,97,151],"probability.":[27],"particular,":[29],"information":[30,69],"can":[31],"be":[32],"transmitted":[33],"the":[35,41,47,52,56,67,71,75,78,84,88,92,96,100,106,115,118,124,127,139,144,150,154],"end":[36,72,119,145],"user":[37,73,146],"either":[38],"directly":[39],"from":[40,83],"emitting":[43],"diode":[44],"(LED)":[45],"through":[46,74],"VLC":[48],"link":[49,54],"or":[50],"via":[51],"RF":[53,76],"at":[55,87],"when":[59],"such":[60],"is":[63],"available.":[64],"To":[65],"re-transmit":[66],"decoded":[68],"link,":[77],"utilizes":[80],"harvested":[81],"energy":[82],"source":[85],"LED":[86],"ceiling.":[89],"We":[90],"derive":[91],"analytical":[93],"expression":[94],"for":[95,113,138],"probability":[98,152],"of":[99,108,126,143,153],"relay-aided":[101],"VLC/RF":[103],"system,":[104],"considering":[105],"randomness":[107],"location":[109,140],"receiver":[111],"orientation":[112,142],"both":[114],"user.":[120],"Furthermore,":[121],"investigate":[123],"effects":[125],"direct":[128],"current":[129],"(DC)":[130],"bias,":[131],"data":[132],"rate":[133],"threshold,":[134],"different":[136],"distributions":[137],"on":[149],"system.":[155]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}