{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396568857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3395831","title":"Malicious Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: How Impactful Can Destructive Beamforming be?","display_name":"Malicious Reconfigurable Intelligent Surfaces: How Impactful Can Destructive Beamforming be?","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396568857","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3395831"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3395831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3395831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069109631","display_name":"Steven Rivetti","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-3923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven Rivetti","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3851-3923","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030697206","display_name":"\u00d6zlem Tu\u011ffe Demir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9059-2799"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13236232","display_name":"TOBB University of Economics and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03ewx7v96","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13236232"]}],"countries":["TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"\u00d6zlem Tu\u011ffe Demir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9059-2799","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical-Electronics Engineering, TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, T&#x00FC;rkiye","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I13236232"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062293532","display_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-434X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emil Bj\u00f6rnson","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5954-434X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041348422","display_name":"Mikael Skoglund","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7926-5081"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I86987016","display_name":"KTH Royal Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/026vcq606","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mikael Skoglund","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7926-5081","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I86987016"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7693,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90677688,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"7","first_page":"1918","last_page":"1922"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6386123299598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6254626512527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3623189926147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20141899585723877}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6386123299598694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6254626512527466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3623189926147461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20141899585723877}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3395831","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3395831","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2027287418","https://openalex.org/W2152976633","https://openalex.org/W2963718307","https://openalex.org/W3034980365","https://openalex.org/W3134402693","https://openalex.org/W3193418585","https://openalex.org/W4285170691","https://openalex.org/W4379469370","https://openalex.org/W4380303735","https://openalex.org/W4385062305","https://openalex.org/W4386825118","https://openalex.org/W4388469932","https://openalex.org/W4390961667"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2963170046","https://openalex.org/W2376244802","https://openalex.org/W1971477554","https://openalex.org/W2390279801","https://openalex.org/W2158075901","https://openalex.org/W818226659","https://openalex.org/W4391913857"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surfaces":[2],"(RISs)":[3],"have":[4],"demonstrated":[5],"significant":[6],"potential":[7],"for":[8],"enhancing":[9],"communication":[10],"system":[11,45,48],"performance":[12,141],"if":[13],"properly":[14],"configured.":[15],"However,":[16],"a":[17,22,36,40,70,129,136],"RIS":[18,38,61,100,147],"might":[19],"also":[20],"pose":[21],"risk":[23],"to":[24,63,90],"the":[25,33,47,52,59,65,76,80,83,87,98,110,124,140,145,149],"network":[26],"security.":[27],"In":[28],"this":[29,94,115],"letter,":[30],"we":[31,96],"explore":[32],"impact":[34],"of":[35,51,58,69,78,82,151],"malicious":[37,54,60,146],"on":[39],"multi-user":[41],"multiple-input":[42],"single-output":[43],"(MISO)":[44],"when":[46],"is":[49,62],"unaware":[50],"RIS\u2019s":[53,125],"intentions.":[55],"The":[56],"objective":[57],"degrade":[64],"signal-to-noise":[66],"ratio":[67],"(SNR)":[68],"specific":[71],"user":[72],"equipment":[73],"(UE),":[74],"with":[75,155],"option":[77],"preserving":[79],"SNR":[81],"other":[84],"UEs,":[85],"making":[86],"attack":[88],"harder":[89],"detect.":[91],"To":[92],"achieve":[93],"goal,":[95],"derive":[97],"optimal":[99],"phase-shift":[101,126],"pattern,":[102],"assuming":[103],"perfect":[104],"channel":[105],"state":[106],"information":[107],"(CSI)":[108],"at":[109],"hacker.":[111],"We":[112],"then":[113],"relax":[114],"assumption":[116],"by":[117,144],"introducing":[118],"CSI":[119,158],"uncertainties":[120],"and":[121,148],"subsequently":[122],"determine":[123],"pattern":[127],"using":[128],"robust":[130],"optimization":[131],"approach.":[132],"Our":[133],"simulations":[134],"reveal":[135],"direct":[137],"proportionality":[138],"between":[139],"degradation":[142],"caused":[143],"number":[150],"reflective":[152],"elements,":[153],"along":[154],"resilience":[156],"toward":[157],"uncertainties.":[159]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
