{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4396214942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3394708","title":"MIMO-OFDM Modulation Classification Using 4D2DConvNet for 5G Communications","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM Modulation Classification Using 4D2DConvNet for 5G Communications","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-04-29","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4396214942","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3394708"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3394708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3394708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086308863","display_name":"Bing Ren","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1688-2306"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Bing Ren","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078754231","display_name":"Kah Chan Teh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1973-2565"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kah Chan Teh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032659310","display_name":"Hongyang An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5621-1355"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongyang An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109431664","display_name":"Erry Gunawan","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erry Gunawan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of EEE, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5086308863"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5459,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90335937,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"7","first_page":"1883","last_page":"1887"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9861000180244446,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12254","display_name":"Machine Learning in Bioinformatics","score":0.9447000026702881,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.9132617115974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo-ofdm","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","score":0.7363909482955933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.719987154006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6178902983665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5975679755210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.5648754239082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.5126270651817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4969065487384796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolution","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","score":0.4693601727485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.44670379161834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4451156556606293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.35500434041023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.32216018438339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.17620405554771423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.14136150479316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.11319530010223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.07805031538009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acoustics","display_name":"Acoustics","score":0.06472548842430115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.9132617115974426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130946814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5988271","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","level":4,"score":0.7363909482955933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.719987154006958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6178902983665466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5975679755210876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.5648754239082336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.5126270651817322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4969065487384796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45347329","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166604","display_name":"Convolution (computer science)","level":3,"score":0.4693601727485657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89061704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5555726","display_name":"Frequency-division multiplexing","level":4,"score":0.44670379161834717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4451156556606293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.35500434041023254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.32216018438339233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.17620405554771423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.14136150479316711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.11319530010223389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.07805031538009644},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.06472548842430115}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3394708","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3394708","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2608982856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62101096","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512693190","https://openalex.org/W2070960043","https://openalex.org/W2803445619","https://openalex.org/W2981548405","https://openalex.org/W3003494250","https://openalex.org/W3035079504","https://openalex.org/W3173681813","https://openalex.org/W3198217630","https://openalex.org/W3213410040","https://openalex.org/W4226454912","https://openalex.org/W4312245783","https://openalex.org/W4377079721"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2366188968","https://openalex.org/W2159772567","https://openalex.org/W2188042986","https://openalex.org/W2539022530","https://openalex.org/W2187587942","https://openalex.org/W2410705835","https://openalex.org/W294051182","https://openalex.org/W2160172333","https://openalex.org/W2062880527","https://openalex.org/W4397000308"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Orthogonal":[0],"frequency-division":[1],"multiplexing":[2],"(OFDM)":[3],"has":[4],"gained":[5],"increasing":[6],"attention":[7],"for":[8,31],"the":[9,58],"automatic":[10],"modulation":[11,26],"classification":[12,27,66],"(AMC)":[13],"tasks":[14],"in":[15],"multiple-input":[16],"multiple-output":[17],"OFDM":[18,48],"(MIMO-OFDM)":[19],"systems.":[20],"This":[21],"letter":[22],"proposes":[23],"a":[24,65,71],"MIMO-OFDM":[25,32],"network":[28],"called":[29],"4D2DConvNet":[30,59],"systems,":[33],"which":[34,63],"integrates":[35],"multi-branch":[36],"shallow":[37],"two-dimensional":[38],"convolution":[39,43],"(2DConv)":[40],"with":[41],"four-dimensional":[42],"(4DConv)":[44],"to":[45],"extract":[46],"channel-specific":[47],"symbol":[49],"features":[50],"and":[51,88],"cross-channel":[52],"correlation.":[53],"Simulation":[54],"results":[55],"demonstrate":[56],"that":[57],"achieves":[60],"robust":[61],"performance,":[62],"attains":[64],"accuracy":[67],"exceeding":[68],"95%":[69],"at":[70],"signal-to-noise":[72],"ratio":[73],"(SNR)":[74],"of":[75],"8":[76],"dB":[77],"over":[78],"fifth-generation":[79],"(5G)":[80],"frequency-selective":[81],"fading":[82],"channels":[83],"across":[84],"various":[85],"delay":[86],"profiles":[87],"Doppler":[89],"shift":[90],"configurations.":[91]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-02-25T08:12:03.925757","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}