{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4392151992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3369874","title":"Channel Estimation for Stacked Intelligent Metasurface-Assisted Wireless Networks","display_name":"Channel Estimation for Stacked Intelligent Metasurface-Assisted Wireless Networks","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4392151992","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3369874"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3369874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3369874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.05870","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101957091","display_name":"Xianghao Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9749-5164"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xianghao Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-9749-5164","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052340806","display_name":"Jiancheng An","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-9989"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiancheng An","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2512-9989","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032405819","display_name":"Lu Gan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2138-9564"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210131342","display_name":"Yibin University","ror":"https://ror.org/03w8m2977","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Gan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","Yibin Institute of UESTC, Yibin, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2138-9564","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Engineering, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, Sichuan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Yibin Institute of UESTC, Yibin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210131342"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081612175","display_name":"Marco Di Renzo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0772-8793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210097418","display_name":"Laboratoire des signaux et syst\u00e8mes","ror":"https://ror.org/00skw9v43","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I277688954","https://openalex.org/I4210097418","https://openalex.org/I4210107720"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marco Di Renzo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0772-8793","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, CentraleSupélec, Laboratoire des Signaux et Systèmes, Gif-sur-Yvette, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210097418"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060020877","display_name":"Chau Yuen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chau Yuen","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9307-2120","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.3215,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":50,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97618633,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"5","first_page":"1349","last_page":"1353"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9950000047683716,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9944999814033508,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7004085779190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.6143892407417297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estimator","display_name":"Estimator","score":0.5787353515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.5277866721153259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5229926109313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.5196055769920349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.5015521049499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.4909878075122833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4845966100692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel-state-information","display_name":"Channel state information","score":0.44433847069740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mean-squared-error","display_name":"Mean squared error","score":0.42843469977378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minimum-mean-square-error","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","score":0.4253096580505371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.42225217819213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.37940624356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.36161261796951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.337085485458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2436714470386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.18054094910621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14845794439315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.13090845942497253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10909372568130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.09056085348129272}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7004085779190063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.6143892407417297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185429906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1130160","display_name":"Estimator","level":2,"score":0.5787353515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.5277866721153259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5229926109313965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.5196055769920349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.5015521049499512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.4909878075122833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4845966100692749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148063708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5072511","display_name":"Channel state information","level":3,"score":0.44433847069740295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139945424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1940696","display_name":"Mean squared error","level":2,"score":0.42843469977378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90652560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11091747","display_name":"Minimum mean square error","level":3,"score":0.4253096580505371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.42225217819213867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.37940624356269836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.36161261796951294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.337085485458374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2436714470386505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.18054094910621643},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14845794439315796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.13090845942497253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10909372568130493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.09056085348129272}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3369874","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3369874","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2403.05870","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.05870","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.05870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-04734227v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04734227v1/document","pdf_url":"https://hal.science/hal-04734227/document","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 2024, 13 (5), pp.1349-1353. ⟨10.1109/lwc.2024.3369874⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2403.05870","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2403.05870","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2403.05870","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1460542537","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"YBP-002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336639","funder_display_name":"Yibin Science and Technology Planning Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1463304763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101139161","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2505988373","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NF-PERSEUS 22-PEFT-004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2559059231","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101129618","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3413260315","display_name":"Physics-based wireless AI providing scalability and efficiency","funder_award_id":"ANR-23-CHR4-0003","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3480082138","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOE-T2EP50220-0019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3531172524","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"22-PEFT-004","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4159608286","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFSY0008","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","funder_display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4384862669","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"101086228","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","funder_display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5532616604","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MOE Tier 2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6854926366","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"Tier 2","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","funder_display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7900873489","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023YFG0291","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","funder_display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8370967180","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ANR-23-CHR4-0003-01","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","funder_display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320751","display_name":"Ministry of Education - Singapore","ror":"https://ror.org/01kcva023"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320883","display_name":"Agence Nationale de la Recherche","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322724","display_name":"Ministry of Education, India","ror":"https://ror.org/048xjjh50"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333335","display_name":"Sichuan Province Science and Technology Support Program","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334322","display_name":"HORIZON EUROPE Framework Programme","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320336639","display_name":"Yibin Science and Technology Planning Program","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4392151992.pdf"},"referenced_works_count":23,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1997834106","https://openalex.org/W2130134073","https://openalex.org/W2798701005","https://openalex.org/W3041653465","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3084194173","https://openalex.org/W3117633996","https://openalex.org/W3193181629","https://openalex.org/W3204777656","https://openalex.org/W3214334574","https://openalex.org/W4212835306","https://openalex.org/W4285164685","https://openalex.org/W4285234632","https://openalex.org/W4316876960","https://openalex.org/W4322576964","https://openalex.org/W4361988597","https://openalex.org/W4365790520","https://openalex.org/W4377235359","https://openalex.org/W4381785979","https://openalex.org/W4386450133","https://openalex.org/W4387869979","https://openalex.org/W4400276145","https://openalex.org/W6856567996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3141240674","https://openalex.org/W2167568384","https://openalex.org/W2116541631","https://openalex.org/W2514205366","https://openalex.org/W3173074004","https://openalex.org/W1976511355","https://openalex.org/W2064335375","https://openalex.org/W2083202929","https://openalex.org/W2544668827","https://openalex.org/W4313028534"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Emerging":[0],"technologies,":[1],"such":[2],"as":[3],"holographic":[4],"multiple-input":[5],"multiple-output":[6],"(HMIMO)":[7],"and":[8,33,69,81,199],"stacked":[9],"intelligent":[10],"metasurface":[11],"(SIM),":[12],"are":[13,184,213],"driving":[14],"the":[15,22,48,56,63,72,78,89,100,105,113,120,127,145,152,157,162,175,189,195,201,205,209,217,220],"development":[16],"of":[17,31,58,102,115,119,144,180,194,204,219],"wireless":[18],"communication":[19,97],"systems.":[20,98,135],"Specifically,":[21],"SIM":[23,64,206],"is":[24,109,123],"physically":[25],"constructed":[26],"by":[27],"stacking":[28],"multiple":[29,142],"layers":[30],"metasurfaces":[32],"has":[34],"an":[35,39],"architecture":[36,61],"similar":[37],"to":[38,65,125,160,207,215],"artificial":[40],"neural":[41],"network":[42],"(ANN),":[43],"which":[44],"can":[45],"flexibly":[46],"manipulate":[47],"electromagnetic":[49],"waves":[50],"that":[51,149,164],"propagate":[52,150],"through":[53,151],"it":[54,122],"at":[55,104],"speed":[57],"light.":[59],"This":[60],"enables":[62],"achieve":[66],"HMIMO":[67,96],"precoding":[68],"combining":[70],"in":[71,93,132],"wave":[73],"domain,":[74],"thus":[75],"significantly":[76],"reducing":[77],"hardware":[79],"cost":[80],"energy":[82],"consumption.":[83],"In":[84],"this":[85,138],"letter,":[86],"we":[87,140,155,187],"investigate":[88],"channel":[90,128,176,182,197,222],"estimation":[91,223],"problem":[92],"SIM-assisted":[94,133],"multi-user":[95,134],"Since":[99],"number":[101,114],"antennas":[103],"base":[106],"station":[107],"(BS)":[108],"much":[110],"smaller":[111],"than":[112],"meta-atoms":[116],"per":[117],"layer":[118],"SIM,":[121],"challenging":[124],"acquire":[126],"state":[129],"information":[130],"(CSI)":[131],"To":[136],"address":[137],"issue,":[139],"collect":[141],"copies":[143],"uplink":[146],"pilot":[147],"signals":[148],"SIM.":[153],"Furthermore,":[154],"leverage":[156],"array":[158],"geometry":[159],"identify":[161],"subspace":[163],"spans":[165],"arbitrary":[166],"spatial":[167],"correlation":[168],"matrices.":[169],"Based":[170],"on":[171],"partial":[172],"CSI":[173],"about":[174],"statistics,":[177],"a":[178],"pair":[179],"subspace-based":[181],"estimators":[183,198],"proposed.":[185],"Additionally,":[186],"compute":[188],"mean":[190],"square":[191],"error":[192],"(MSE)":[193],"proposed":[196,221],"optimize":[200],"phase":[202],"shifts":[203],"minimize":[208],"MSE.":[210],"Numerical":[211],"results":[212],"illustrated":[214],"analyze":[216],"effectiveness":[218],"schemes.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":37},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-07-22T07:51:19.307946","created_date":"2024-02-27T00:00:00"}