{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4391696901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3364147","title":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Wireless Communication With Movable Elements","display_name":"Intelligent Reflecting Surface-Aided Wireless Communication With Movable Elements","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-02-09","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4391696901","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3364147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3364147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3364147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068754399","display_name":"Guojie Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-1270"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801618472","display_name":"PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00gg5zj35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guojie Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication Engineering, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8537-1270","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication Engineering, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048817096","display_name":"Qingqing Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-3266"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183067930","display_name":"Shanghai Jiao Tong University","ror":"https://ror.org/0220qvk04","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Qingqing Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0043-3266","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183067930"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101329192","display_name":"Donghui Xu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801618472","display_name":"PLA Rocket Force University of Engineering","ror":"https://ror.org/00gg5zj35","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Donghui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communication Engineering, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communication Engineering, Rocket Force University of Engineering, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101874430","display_name":"Kui Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-2255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210163363","display_name":"PLA Army Engineering University","ror":"https://ror.org/05mgp8x93","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kui Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8533-2255","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Communications Engineering, Army Engineering University of PLA, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210163363"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009796023","display_name":"Jiangbo Si","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-4042"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiangbo Si","raw_affiliation_strings":["Integrated Service Networks Lab, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7419-4042","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Integrated Service Networks Lab, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034376590","display_name":"Yunlong Cai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-1700"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunlong Cai","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9418-1700","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081018704","display_name":"Naofal Al\u2010Dhahir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naofal Al-Dhahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-8382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068754399"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801618472"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2104,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97653403,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"4","first_page":"1173","last_page":"1177"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.9682999849319458,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9681000113487244,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/offset","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","score":0.618445634841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.5771316289901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5489320755004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rician-fading","display_name":"Rician fading","score":0.44112324714660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fading","display_name":"Fading","score":0.4291473627090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.3935955762863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.37074676156044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.35413551330566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.32549625635147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.31881624460220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.23432007431983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.09746944904327393}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175291020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1156822","display_name":"Offset (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.618445634841919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.5771316289901733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5489320755004883},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60472773","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7331156","display_name":"Rician fading","level":4,"score":0.44112324714660645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81978471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1196572","display_name":"Fading","level":3,"score":0.4291473627090454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.3935955762863159},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.37074676156044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35413551330566406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.32549625635147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.31881624460220337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.23432007431983948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.09746944904327393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2024.3364147","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2024.3364147","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6124203058","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201606","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2968389137","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3013719647","https://openalex.org/W3035386068","https://openalex.org/W3039758053","https://openalex.org/W3107232831","https://openalex.org/W3205914885","https://openalex.org/W4206671696","https://openalex.org/W4377000476","https://openalex.org/W4386177614","https://openalex.org/W4386322185","https://openalex.org/W4386523965","https://openalex.org/W4387546248","https://openalex.org/W4387682359","https://openalex.org/W4388666110","https://openalex.org/W4392152740","https://openalex.org/W4393184779","https://openalex.org/W6856452101"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2146680430","https://openalex.org/W2100999214","https://openalex.org/W1973317750","https://openalex.org/W1641214707","https://openalex.org/W2172055400","https://openalex.org/W2124796615","https://openalex.org/W2141180789","https://openalex.org/W2902575303","https://openalex.org/W1560491530","https://openalex.org/W2263624057"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Intelligent":[0],"reflecting":[1],"surface":[2],"(IRS)":[3],"has":[4],"been":[5],"recognized":[6],"as":[7,37],"a":[8,59,73,77,96,216],"powerful":[9],"technology":[10],"for":[11,30,92,137,198],"boosting":[12],"communication":[13],"performance.":[14],"To":[15],"reduce":[16],"manufacturing":[17,145],"and":[18,141],"control":[19],"costs,":[20],"it":[21],"is":[22,103,125,154],"preferable":[23],"to":[24,94,130,192,232],"consider":[25],"discrete":[26],"phase":[27,70,108,184],"shifts":[28],"(DPSs)":[29],"IRS,":[31],"which":[32],"are":[33],"set":[34],"by":[35,81,157],"default":[36],"uniformly":[38],"distributed":[39],"in":[40,51,72,85,107],"the":[41,52,63,68,104,120,149,158,172,182,193,208,228],"range":[42,75],"of":[43,122,133,151,174,196,210],"<inline-formula":[44],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[45],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[46],"<tex-math":[47],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$[{-}\\pi,\\pi$":[48],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[49],")":[50],"literature.":[53],"Such":[54,127],"setting,":[55],"however,":[56],"cannot":[57],"achieve":[58,95],"desirable":[60,97],"performance":[61,98,230],"over":[62],"general":[64],"Rician":[65],"fading":[66],"where":[67,119],"channel":[69],"concentrates":[71],"narrow":[74],"with":[76,203],"higher":[78],"probability.":[79],"Motivated":[80],"this":[82,86],"drawback,":[83],"we":[84,168,205],"letter":[87],"design":[88,225],"optimal":[89,134],"non-uniform":[90,135,212],"DPSs":[91,136,197,213],"IRS":[93,118,139,152,176,200],"level.":[99],"The":[100],"fundamental":[101],"challenge":[102],"possible":[105],"offset":[106,186],"distribution":[109,185],"across":[110],"different":[111,131],"cascaded":[112],"source-element-destination":[113],"channels,":[114],"if":[115,171],"adopting":[116],"conventional":[117],"position":[121,173],"each":[123,138,175,199],"element":[124,140,177],"fixed.":[126],"phenomenon":[128],"leads":[129],"patterns":[132],"thus":[142],"causes":[143],"huge":[144],"costs":[146],"especially":[147],"when":[148],"number":[150],"elements":[153],"large.":[155],"Driven":[156],"recently":[159],"emerging":[160],"fluid":[161],"antenna":[162,166],"system":[163,229],"(or":[164],"movable":[165],"technology),":[167],"demonstrate":[169],"that":[170,222],"can":[178,187],"be":[179,188],"flexibly":[180],"adjusted,":[181],"above":[183],"surprisingly":[189],"eliminated,":[190],"leading":[191],"same":[194],"pattern":[195],"element.":[201],"Armed":[202],"this,":[204],"then":[206],"determine":[207],"form":[209],"unified":[211],"based":[214],"on":[215],"low-complexity":[217],"iterative":[218],"algorithm.":[219],"Simulations":[220],"show":[221],"our":[223],"proposed":[224],"significantly":[226],"improves":[227],"compared":[231],"competitive":[233],"benchmarks.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
