{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387546263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3323764","title":"Covert Communication Based on Noise Uncertainty Against Multi-Antenna Detection: Analyses of Limit Covert and Reliable Rate","display_name":"Covert Communication Based on Noise Uncertainty Against Multi-Antenna Detection: Analyses of Limit Covert and Reliable Rate","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-10-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387546263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3323764"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2023.3323764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3323764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012652754","display_name":"Weiyu Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9552-7221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weiyu Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9552-7221","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085315242","display_name":"Haiyang Ding","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-5216"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiyang Ding","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4446-5216","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information and Communication, National University of Defense Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089256340","display_name":"Shilian Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4132-8750"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shilian Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4132-8750","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100444608","display_name":"Hu Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-3509"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Li Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7400-3509","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038040209","display_name":"Junshan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-5126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junshan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-5126","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Science and Technology, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034754948","display_name":"Fengkui Gong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4211-0959"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fengkui Gong","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4211-0959","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Service Networks, Xidian University, Xi&#x2019;an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5807,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66463699,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"1","first_page":"148","last_page":"152"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12131","display_name":"Wireless Signal Modulation Classification","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12122","display_name":"Physical Unclonable Functions (PUFs) and Hardware Security","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/covert","display_name":"Covert","score":0.8279738426208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/limit","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","score":0.6575019359588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6270695924758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5860960483551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antenna","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","score":0.452738881111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2678835391998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.25391680002212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.20513677597045898}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779338814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5179285","display_name":"Covert","level":2,"score":0.8279738426208496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151201525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177239","display_name":"Limit (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.6575019359588623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6270695924758911},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5860960483551025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21822782","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131214","display_name":"Antenna (radio)","level":2,"score":0.452738881111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2678835391998291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.25391680002212524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.20513677597045898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2023.3323764","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3323764","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1810414518","display_name":"\u6beb\u7c73\u6ce2\u7528\u6237\u70ed\u70b9\u533a\u57df\u643a\u80fd\u4e2d\u7ee7\u65b9\u6cd5\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871387","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G385609795","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u6570\u6b63\u6001\u8870\u843d\u4fe1\u9053\u7684\u5ba4\u5185\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f9b\u7535\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u6027\u80fd\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61861041","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G531055343","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62371457","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5407345973","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62301582","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G592052814","display_name":"\u80fd\u91cf\u6536\u96c6\u65e0\u7ebf\u4f20\u611f\u5668\u7f51\u7edc\u4e2d\u7684\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u4fe1\u53f7\u68c0\u6d4b\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61871471","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7256556787","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2018YFE0100500","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7790135856","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171445","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8741220076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62201590","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W424683513","https://openalex.org/W1972485395","https://openalex.org/W2056099894","https://openalex.org/W2060500262","https://openalex.org/W2098346479","https://openalex.org/W2099111195","https://openalex.org/W2102591969","https://openalex.org/W2506174538","https://openalex.org/W2509004749","https://openalex.org/W2562742260","https://openalex.org/W2802067688","https://openalex.org/W2903188535","https://openalex.org/W2962960827","https://openalex.org/W2963108679","https://openalex.org/W3003392456","https://openalex.org/W3025456008","https://openalex.org/W3080678239","https://openalex.org/W3123708127","https://openalex.org/W3171132384","https://openalex.org/W3206417983","https://openalex.org/W4362500847","https://openalex.org/W4383503800"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2523525694","https://openalex.org/W2998642566","https://openalex.org/W2392682561","https://openalex.org/W57793151","https://openalex.org/W2804882289","https://openalex.org/W2727423897","https://openalex.org/W2497612952"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Uncertainty":[0],"about":[1,160],"noise":[2,11,60,82,102,120,132],"variance":[3],"is":[4,42,47,104,111,134,142,150],"unavoidable.":[5],"Many":[6],"existing":[7],"works":[8],"exploited":[9],"the":[10,20,45,63,92,112,115,119,125,131,140,143],"uncertainty":[12,61,83,133],"for":[13,90,147],"covert":[14,34,54,94,126],"communication":[15],"and":[16,35,55,95,154],"meanwhile":[17],"assumed":[18],"that":[19,77,124],"adversary":[21],"third":[22],"party":[23],"Willie":[24,79],"adopts":[25],"a":[26,32],"radiometer":[27,46],"detector,":[28],"in":[29,50],"which":[30,122,149],"case":[31],"positive":[33],"reliable":[36,56,96],"rate":[37,57,97,110,117],"O(N)":[38,105],"bits/N":[39,106],"channel":[40,107,161],"uses":[41],"achievable.":[43],"Nonetheless,":[44],"not":[48,156],"optimal":[49,64],"general.":[51],"The":[52,137],"limit":[53,93,116],"based":[58],"on":[59,71],"against":[62],"detector":[65,146],"remains":[66],"unknown.":[67],"To":[68],"shed":[69],"light":[70],"this":[72,74],"problem,":[73],"letter":[75],"proves":[76],"when":[78],"suffers":[80],"from":[81,130],"but":[84],"has":[85],"two":[86],"or":[87,163],"more":[88],"antennas":[89],"detection,":[91],"over":[98],"additive":[99],"white":[100],"Gaussian":[101],"channels":[103],"uses.":[108],"This":[109],"same":[113],"as":[114],"without":[118],"uncertainty,":[121],"means":[123],"performance":[127],"gain":[128],"stemming":[129],"indeed":[135],"fragile.":[136],"key":[138],"of":[139],"proof":[141],"proposed":[144],"correlation":[145],"Willie,":[148],"easy":[151],"to":[152],"deploy":[153],"does":[155],"require":[157],"any":[158],"knowledge":[159],"coefficients":[162],"transmitter\u2019s":[164],"codebook.":[165]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
