{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387010551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3318555","title":"Imperfect CSI: A Key Factor of Uncertainty to Over-the-Air Federated Learning","display_name":"Imperfect CSI: A Key Factor of Uncertainty to Over-the-Air Federated Learning","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387010551","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3318555"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2023.3318555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3318555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040565169","display_name":"Jiacheng Yao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-8360"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jiacheng Yao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5066878475","display_name":"Zhaohui Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4475-589X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210123185","display_name":"Zhejiang Lab","ror":"https://ror.org/02m2h7991","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76130692","display_name":"Zhejiang University","ror":"https://ror.org/00a2xv884","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhaohui Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Research Institute of Intelligent Networks, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China","College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Research Institute of Intelligent Networks, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210123185"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Information Science and Electronic Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76130692"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013867024","display_name":"Wei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091266202","display_name":"Dusit Niyato","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7442-7416"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I172675005","display_name":"Nanyang Technological University","ror":"https://ror.org/02e7b5302","country_code":"SG","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}],"countries":["SG"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dusit Niyato","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Engineering, Nanyang Technological University, Jurong West, Singapore","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I172675005"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072916702","display_name":"Xiaohu You","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0809-8511"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaohu You","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040565169"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5231,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95751886,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"12","first_page":"2273","last_page":"2277"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10764","display_name":"Privacy-Preserving Technologies in Data","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.9830999970436096,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9751999974250793,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/notation","display_name":"Notation","score":0.6370054483413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.5223418474197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.45882487297058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divergence","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","score":0.41657111048698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.4045361876487732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.400038480758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discrete-mathematics","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","score":0.37848153710365295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.36658066511154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.12378102540969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geometry","display_name":"Geometry","score":0.12172600626945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.10637271404266357}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45357846","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2001982","display_name":"Notation","level":2,"score":0.6370054483413696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.5223418474197388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.45882487297058105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207390915","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230525","display_name":"Divergence (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.41657111048698425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4045361876487732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.400038480758667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.37848153710365295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.36658066511154175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.12378102540969849},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.12172600626945496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.10637271404266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2023.3318555","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3318555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2029971556","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2023C01021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338469","funder_display_name":"Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2374063051","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2242022k60002","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","funder_display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6546769403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62022026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G977737210","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62211530108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338469","display_name":"Science and Technology Program of Zhejiang Province","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2320918358","https://openalex.org/W2981138228","https://openalex.org/W2999074226","https://openalex.org/W3008609509","https://openalex.org/W3108590825","https://openalex.org/W3109847748","https://openalex.org/W3138364951","https://openalex.org/W3147919432","https://openalex.org/W3213161637","https://openalex.org/W4226151590","https://openalex.org/W4233879328","https://openalex.org/W4281263728","https://openalex.org/W4282980388","https://openalex.org/W4317794926","https://openalex.org/W4321618026","https://openalex.org/W4379033818","https://openalex.org/W4387010551"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2504004674","https://openalex.org/W2498744856","https://openalex.org/W1595229445","https://openalex.org/W4390482104","https://openalex.org/W322408318","https://openalex.org/W149041114","https://openalex.org/W2963177394","https://openalex.org/W1965815883","https://openalex.org/W4313359513","https://openalex.org/W763418848"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over-the-air":[0],"computation":[1],"(AirComp)":[2],"has":[3,106],"recently":[4],"been":[5],"identified":[6],"as":[7,80,89],"a":[8,107,171],"prominent":[9],"technique":[10],"to":[11,60,67,145,147],"enhance":[12],"communication":[13],"efficiency":[14],"of":[15,25,51,92,110,122],"wireless":[16],"federated":[17],"learning":[18,69],"(FL).":[19],"This":[20],"letter":[21],"investigates":[22],"the":[23,32,42,49,52,55,61,76,90,119,139,165],"impact":[24],"channel":[26,44,93,140],"state":[27],"information":[28],"(CSI)":[29],"uncertainty":[30],"at":[31],"transmitter":[33],"on":[34],"an":[35],"AirComp":[36],"enabled":[37],"FL":[38],"(AirFL)":[39],"system":[40],"with":[41,58,118,177],"truncated":[43],"inversion":[45],"strategy.":[46],"To":[47],"characterize":[48],"performance":[50,70],"AirFL":[53],"system,":[54],"weight":[56,77],"divergence":[57,78],"respect":[59],"ideal":[62],"aggregation":[63],"is":[64,175],"analytically":[65],"derived":[66],"evaluate":[68],"loss.":[71],"We":[72],"explicitly":[73],"reveal":[74],"that":[75,170],"deteriorates":[79],"<inline-formula":[81,96,111,125,149],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[82,97,112,126,150],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">":[83,98,113,127,151],"<tex-math":[84,99,114,128,152],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\mathcal":[85,115],"{O}(1/\\rho":[86],"^{2})$":[87],"</tex-math></inline-formula>":[88,102,117,130,155],"level":[91],"estimation":[94],"accuracy":[95],"notation=\"LaTeX\">$\\rho":[100,153],"$":[101,154],"vanishes,":[103],"and":[104,168],"also":[105],"decay":[108],"rate":[109],"{O}(1/K^{2})$":[116],"increasing":[120],"number":[121],"participating":[123],"devices,":[124],"notation=\"LaTeX\">${K}$":[129],".":[131],"Building":[132],"upon":[133],"our":[134],"analytical":[135,166],"results,":[136],"we":[137],"formulate":[138],"truncation":[141,173],"threshold":[142,174],"optimization":[143],"problem":[144],"adapt":[146],"different":[148],",":[156],"which":[157],"can":[158],"be":[159],"solved":[160],"optimally.":[161],"Numerical":[162],"results":[163,167],"verify":[164],"show":[169],"lower":[172],"preferred":[176],"more":[178],"accurate":[179],"CSI.":[180]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
