{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4384521511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3291374","title":"Optimal Phase Shift Solution and Diversity Analysis for Discrete RIS-Assisted Systems Under Rank Deficient Channels","display_name":"Optimal Phase Shift Solution and Diversity Analysis for Discrete RIS-Assisted Systems Under Rank Deficient Channels","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-07-17","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4384521511","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3291374"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2023.3291374","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3291374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101778490","display_name":"Jia Ye","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7242-6065"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I158842170","display_name":"Chongqing University","ror":"https://ror.org/023rhb549","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}],"countries":["CN","SA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jia Ye","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006716265","display_name":"Abla Kammoun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0195-3159"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abla Kammoun","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083193286","display_name":"Mohamed\u2010Slim Alouini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4827-1793"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01q3tbs38","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed-Slim Alouini","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical Engineering, Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical Engineering, Computer Electrical and Mathematical Sciences & Engineering (CEMSE) Division, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101778490"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I158842170","https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3947,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.59455977,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"1746","last_page":"1750"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12989","display_name":"Ocular Disorders and Treatments","score":0.9771000146865845,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10207","display_name":"Advanced biosensing and bioanalysis techniques","score":0.9487000107765198,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.7244689464569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.696426510810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadratic-growth","display_name":"Quadratic growth","score":0.6332195401191711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5531799793243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.5297815799713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polynomial","display_name":"Polynomial","score":0.515898585319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase","display_name":"Phase (matter)","score":0.5088396668434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.45287996530532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.43767374753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.40928468108177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.36880719661712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.33915549516677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3209882080554962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22945794463157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.12177926301956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.0912095308303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-analysis","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","score":0.08700135350227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.08291161060333252}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.7244689464569092},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.696426510810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195956108","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268362","display_name":"Quadratic growth","level":2,"score":0.6332195401191711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5531799793243408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5297815799713135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90119067","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43260","display_name":"Polynomial","level":2,"score":0.515898585319519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44280652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104837","display_name":"Phase (matter)","level":2,"score":0.5088396668434143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.45287996530532837},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.43767374753952026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.40928468108177185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.36880719661712646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.33915549516677856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3209882080554962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22945794463157654},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.12177926301956177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0912095308303833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.08700135350227356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.08291161060333252},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2023.3291374","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3291374","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.kaust.edu.sa:10754/693111","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10754/693111","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401596","display_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Repository (King Abdullah University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71920554","host_organization_name":"King Abdullah University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71920554"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3326617876","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054763080","https://openalex.org/W2131033694","https://openalex.org/W2794344156","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2963460596","https://openalex.org/W2982018232","https://openalex.org/W2990747873","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3009959189","https://openalex.org/W3013719647","https://openalex.org/W3042598716","https://openalex.org/W3088768990","https://openalex.org/W3116798772","https://openalex.org/W3130831212","https://openalex.org/W3131324807","https://openalex.org/W3155222786","https://openalex.org/W3196690531","https://openalex.org/W4292966293","https://openalex.org/W4321770460","https://openalex.org/W4384521511","https://openalex.org/W6680021679"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2084086280","https://openalex.org/W2027198738","https://openalex.org/W2397767885","https://openalex.org/W2062514649","https://openalex.org/W2083114070","https://openalex.org/W237421766","https://openalex.org/W3013712002","https://openalex.org/W2004392729","https://openalex.org/W2057360542","https://openalex.org/W2010164741"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,27,30,43,47,59,72,83,90,100,104,108,114,118,130,133,137],"design":[4,74],"of":[5,13,61,85,117,132],"finite":[6],"discrete":[7,105],"control":[8],"for":[9],"each":[10,125],"reflecting":[11,62,86],"element":[12],"a":[14,21,53,76],"reconfigurable":[15],"intelligent":[16],"surface":[17],"(RIS)":[18],"that":[19,29,41,67,79,99],"assists":[20],"point-to-point":[22],"multiple-input":[23],"single-output":[24],"communication.":[25],"Under":[26],"assumption":[28],"propagation":[31],"channel":[32,120],"is":[33],"rank":[34],"deficient,":[35],"we":[36,65,97],"propose":[37],"an":[38],"optimal":[39],"algorithm":[40],"retrieves":[42],"same":[44],"solution":[45],"as":[46,89],"exhaustive":[48],"search":[49],"method,":[50],"yet":[51],"with":[52,56,82,143],"polynomial":[54],"complexity":[55],"respect":[57],"to":[58,124],"number":[60,84],"elements.":[63],"Interestingly,":[64],"establish":[66],"under":[68],"some":[69],"specified":[70],"conditions,":[71],"proposed":[73,134],"achieves":[75],"signal-to-noise":[77],"ratio":[78],"increases":[80],"quadratically":[81],"elements,":[87],"just":[88],"continuously":[91],"controllable":[92],"phase":[93,115],"shift":[94],"control.":[95],"Moreover,":[96],"remark":[98],"performance":[101],"gap":[102],"between":[103],"RIS":[106],"and":[107,140],"continuous":[109],"one":[110],"becomes":[111],"negligible":[112],"when":[113],"shifts":[116],"cascaded":[119],"paths":[121],"become":[122],"close":[123],"other.":[126],"Simulation":[127],"results":[128],"confirm":[129],"superiority":[131],"design,":[135],"verify":[136],"derived":[138],"conclusion,":[139],"provide":[141],"us":[142],"useful":[144],"implementation":[145],"insights.":[146]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}