{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4381748077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3288273","title":"Soft Actor\u2013Critic Based 3-D Deployment and Power Allocation in Cell-Free Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks","display_name":"Soft Actor\u2013Critic Based 3-D Deployment and Power Allocation in Cell-Free Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Networks","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4381748077","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3288273"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2023.3288273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3288273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000669980","display_name":"Fanfei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8823-0887"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fanfei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029601945","display_name":"Yuhan Ruan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4278-5662"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuhan Ruan","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017026695","display_name":"Yongzhao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2142-6652"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149594827","display_name":"Xidian University","ror":"https://ror.org/05s92vm98","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongzhao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Integrated Services Networks, Xidian University, Xi’an, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5000669980"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149594827"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.5001,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96708753,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"10","first_page":"1692","last_page":"1696"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11133","display_name":"UAV Applications and Optimization","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10249","display_name":"Distributed Control Multi-Agent Systems","score":0.9896000027656555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.967199981212616,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7086652517318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-decision-process","display_name":"Markov decision process","score":0.7010797262191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.6905790567398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.484973669052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.4752212166786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.4610288739204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.45570123195648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4182615280151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stability","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","score":0.4151037633419037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.21575918793678284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.11123421788215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.0945311188697815}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7086652517318726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106189395","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176789","display_name":"Markov decision process","level":3,"score":0.7010797262191772},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.6905790567398071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.484973669052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.4752212166786194},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.4610288739204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.45570123195648193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4182615280151367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.4151037633419037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.21575918793678284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.11123421788215637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0945311188697815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2023.3288273","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3288273","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2289204537","https://openalex.org/W2904246096","https://openalex.org/W2952736579","https://openalex.org/W3022601977","https://openalex.org/W3044817033","https://openalex.org/W3103057226","https://openalex.org/W3173360237","https://openalex.org/W3181852323","https://openalex.org/W3183758503","https://openalex.org/W3199610981","https://openalex.org/W4200136662","https://openalex.org/W4292231568","https://openalex.org/W4297912121","https://openalex.org/W4312597125","https://openalex.org/W4315778373","https://openalex.org/W6757592117"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3096874164","https://openalex.org/W2937181779","https://openalex.org/W2386410636","https://openalex.org/W1985560493","https://openalex.org/W2357975469","https://openalex.org/W2145363145","https://openalex.org/W1626977535","https://openalex.org/W4284974072","https://openalex.org/W2341346307","https://openalex.org/W4225269853"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"investigates":[2],"a":[3,69,82,113],"cell-free":[4,108],"unmanned":[5],"aerial":[6],"vehicles":[7],"(UAV)":[8],"network":[9,110],"where":[10],"UAVs":[11],"serve":[12],"as":[13,68],"flying":[14],"access":[15],"points":[16],"(FAPs)":[17],"to":[18,40,99],"overcome":[19],"the":[20,34,42,76,100,107],"inter-cell":[21],"interference":[22],"in":[23,130],"conventional":[24,127],"cell-based":[25],"UAV":[26,109,121],"networks":[27],"and":[28,52,123,134],"offer":[29],"more":[30],"uniform":[31],"service.":[32],"Considering":[33],"fairness":[35],"among":[36],"users,":[37],"we":[38,64],"aim":[39],"maximize":[41],"minimum":[43,115],"user":[44,116],"rate":[45,117],"by":[46],"joint":[47],"optimizing":[48],"three-dimensional":[49],"(3D)":[50],"deployment":[51],"power":[53],"allocation":[54],"of":[55,132],"FAPs.":[56,80],"To":[57],"solve":[58],"this":[59],"complex":[60],"high-dimentional":[61],"non-convex":[62],"problem,":[63],"firstly":[65],"formulate":[66],"it":[67],"constrained":[70],"Markov":[71],"Decision":[72],"Process":[73],"(CMDP)":[74],"guaranteeing":[75],"safety":[77],"distance":[78],"between":[79],"Then":[81],"soft":[83],"actor-critic":[84],"(SAC)":[85],"based":[86,120],"deep":[87],"reinforcement":[88],"learning":[89],"(DRL)":[90],"algorithm":[91,125],"is":[92],"proposed":[93],"which":[94],"adds":[95],"maximum":[96],"entropy":[97],"term":[98],"objective":[101],"function.":[102],"Simulation":[103],"results":[104],"demonstrate":[105],"that":[106],"can":[111],"achieve":[112],"higher":[114],"than":[118],"cell":[119],"network,":[122],"SAC-based":[124],"outperforms":[126],"DRL-based":[128],"algorithms":[129],"terms":[131],"stability":[133],"long-term":[135],"rewards.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}