{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4377971400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3279699","title":"Phase Shift Design for RIS-Aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Improved Differential Evolution","display_name":"Phase Shift Design for RIS-Aided Cell-Free Massive MIMO With Improved Differential Evolution","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-05-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4377971400","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3279699"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2023.3279699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3279699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/58267/1/IEEE_WCL_Accepted.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018288108","display_name":"Trinh Van Chien","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-8414"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94518387","display_name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Trinh Van Chien","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5675-8414","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073682786","display_name":"Le Van Cuong","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1558-2130"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94518387","display_name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cuong V. Le","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1558-2130","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072105691","display_name":"Hu\u1ef3nh Th\u1ecb Thanh B\u00ecnh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1976-6113"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94518387","display_name":"Hanoi University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04","country_code":"VN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}],"countries":["VN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huynh Thi Thanh Binh","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1976-6113","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information and Communication Technology, Hanoi University of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052919611","display_name":"Hien Quoc Ngo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-2220"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","display_name":"Queen's University Belfast","ror":"https://ror.org/00hswnk62","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hien Quoc Ngo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3367-2220","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Electronics, Communications and Information Technology, Queen&#x2019;s University Belfast, Belfast, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016154330","display_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","display_name":"University of Luxembourg","ror":"https://ror.org/036x5ad56","country_code":"LU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}],"countries":["LU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Symeon Chatzinotas","raw_affiliation_strings":["SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5122-0001","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SnT, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg City, Luxembourg","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5018288108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94518387"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.1718,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87680532,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"9","first_page":"1499","last_page":"1503"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12042","display_name":"Satellite Communication Systems","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7464205026626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications-link","display_name":"Telecommunications link","score":0.7123269438743591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7085959315299988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convexity","display_name":"Convexity","score":0.6083695888519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/differential-evolution","display_name":"Differential evolution","score":0.5870051980018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ergodic-theory","display_name":"Ergodic theory","score":0.5812315940856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/throughput","display_name":"Throughput","score":0.5170239210128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.5056118965148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.48115336894989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/maximization","display_name":"Maximization","score":0.4683152139186859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4413061738014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","score":0.41242292523384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4091385006904602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.4047721028327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.38899853825569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3385668992996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.22288095951080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16412422060966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.08820649981498718}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7464205026626587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138660444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5607897","display_name":"Telecommunications link","level":2,"score":0.7123269438743591},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7085959315299988},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72134830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5166524","display_name":"Convexity","level":2,"score":0.6083695888519287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74750220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2662197","display_name":"Differential evolution","level":2,"score":0.5870051980018616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C122044880","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5498822","display_name":"Ergodic theory","level":2,"score":0.5812315940856934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157764524","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1383412","display_name":"Throughput","level":3,"score":0.5170239210128784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.5056118965148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.48115336894989014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776330181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18358244","display_name":"Maximization","level":2,"score":0.4683152139186859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4413061738014221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.41242292523384094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4091385006904602},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.4047721028327942},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.38899853825569153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3385668992996216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.22288095951080322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16412422060966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.08820649981498718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C106159729","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2294553","display_name":"Financial economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2023.3279699","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3279699","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/58267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/58267","pdf_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/58267/1/IEEE_WCL_Accepted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 12 (9), 1499 - 1503 (2023-09)","raw_type":"peer reviewed"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.qub.ac.uk/portal:publications/5792d551-fea5-44c6-b9dd-203c441d3aa8","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pure.qub.ac.uk/en/publications/5792d551-fea5-44c6-b9dd-203c441d3aa8","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402319","display_name":"Research Portal (Queen's University Belfast)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I126231945","host_organization_name":"Queen's University Belfast","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126231945"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Chien, T V, Le, C V, Binh, H T T, Ngo, H Q & Chatzinotas, S 2023, 'Phase shift design for RIS-aided cell-free massive MIMO with improved differential evolution', IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. 12, no. 9, pp. 1499 - 1503. https://doi.org/10.1109/LWC.2023.3279699","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:orbilu.uni.lu:10993/58267","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/handle/10993/58267","pdf_url":"https://orbilu.uni.lu/bitstream/10993/58267/1/IEEE_WCL_Accepted.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401815","display_name":"Open Repository and Bibliography (University of Luxembourg)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I186903577","host_organization_name":"University of Luxembourg","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186903577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, 12 (9), 1499 - 1503 (2023-09)","raw_type":"peer reviewed"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5099999904632568,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6109979825","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"MR/X010635/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","funder_display_name":"UK Research and Innovation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7428921691","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"T2022-TT-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319125","funder_display_name":"Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch Khoa H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320314731","display_name":"UK Research and Innovation","ror":"https://ror.org/001aqnf71"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319125","display_name":"Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc B\u00e1ch Khoa H\u00e0 N\u1ed9i","ror":"https://ror.org/04nyv3z04"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377971400.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4377971400.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965082149","https://openalex.org/W2144051602","https://openalex.org/W2148379945","https://openalex.org/W2155529731","https://openalex.org/W2286275639","https://openalex.org/W2310612427","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W3017311957","https://openalex.org/W3152961272","https://openalex.org/W3180325737","https://openalex.org/W3199783970","https://openalex.org/W3201072786","https://openalex.org/W4220900977","https://openalex.org/W4306800668","https://openalex.org/W4313001863","https://openalex.org/W6845902996"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2548963335","https://openalex.org/W2159941915","https://openalex.org/W50969306","https://openalex.org/W2390585021","https://openalex.org/W1995129237","https://openalex.org/W1761601995","https://openalex.org/W412641959","https://openalex.org/W4300468626","https://openalex.org/W2904599916","https://openalex.org/W2097713053"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3],"novel":[4],"phase":[5,83],"shift":[6,84],"design":[7],"for":[8],"cell-free":[9],"massive":[10],"multiple-input":[11],"and":[12,43],"multiple-output":[13],"(MIMO)":[14],"systems":[15],"assisted":[16],"by":[17],"reconfigurable":[18],"intelligent":[19],"surface":[20],"(RIS),":[21],"which":[22],"only":[23],"utilizes":[24],"channel":[25,37],"statistics":[26],"to":[27,40],"achieve":[28],"the":[29,41,44,47,57,81,87],"uplink":[30],"sum":[31],"ergodic":[32],"throughput":[33],"maximization":[34],"under":[35],"spatial":[36],"correlations.":[38],"Due":[39],"non-convexity":[42],"scale":[45],"of":[46,56,67,80],"derived":[48],"optimization":[49],"problem,":[50],"we":[51],"develop":[52],"an":[53],"improved":[54],"version":[55],"differential":[58],"evolution":[59],"(DE)":[60],"algorithm.":[61],"The":[62],"proposed":[63,82],"scheme":[64],"is":[65],"capable":[66],"providing":[68],"high-quality":[69],"solutions":[70],"within":[71],"reasonable":[72],"computing":[73],"time.":[74],"Numerical":[75],"results":[76],"demonstrate":[77],"superior":[78],"improvements":[79],"designs":[85],"over":[86],"other":[88],"benchmarks,":[89],"particularly":[90],"in":[91],"scenarios":[92],"where":[93],"direct":[94],"links":[95],"are":[96],"highly":[97],"probable.":[98]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
