{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4316013389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3236622","title":"MmWave Beam Tracking With Spatial Information Based on Extended Kalman Filter","display_name":"MmWave Beam Tracking With Spatial Information Based on Extended Kalman Filter","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-01-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4316013389","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3236622"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2023.3236622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3236622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100379216","display_name":"Li Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1754-0607"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Li Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1754-0607","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042729380","display_name":"Shiyu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-773X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shiyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8345-773X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100432932","display_name":"Weidong Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3550-0625"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weidong Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3550-0625","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electronic Engineering and Information Science, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100379216"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1939,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":25,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92177522,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"12","issue":"4","first_page":"615","last_page":"619"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10262","display_name":"Microwave Engineering and Waveguides","score":0.9944000244140625,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9937000274658203,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8090654015541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/kalman-filter","display_name":"Kalman filter","score":0.6477975845336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overhead","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","score":0.5562587976455688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tracking","display_name":"Tracking (education)","score":0.5241665840148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/real-time-computing","display_name":"Real-time computing","score":0.4751472473144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.447184681892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.43203625082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extended-kalman-filter","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","score":0.42599067091941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.3404695987701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3345159888267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.32889896631240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.3094087243080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.16769108176231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1328030228614807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8090654015541077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157286648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846780","display_name":"Kalman filter","level":2,"score":0.6477975845336914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779960059","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7113681","display_name":"Overhead (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5562587976455688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775936607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466845","display_name":"Tracking (education)","level":2,"score":0.5241665840148926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79403827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3988","display_name":"Real-time computing","level":1,"score":0.4751472473144531},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.447184681892395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.43203625082969666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206833254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5421817","display_name":"Extended Kalman filter","level":3,"score":0.42599067091941833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3404695987701416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3345159888267517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.32889896631240845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3094087243080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.16769108176231384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1328030228614807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19417346","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7922","display_name":"Pedagogy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2023.3236622","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2023.3236622","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4801601089","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071445","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1984114931","https://openalex.org/W2492906440","https://openalex.org/W2561074820","https://openalex.org/W2604992528","https://openalex.org/W2751147412","https://openalex.org/W2886662572","https://openalex.org/W2963868195","https://openalex.org/W3072033075","https://openalex.org/W3159422049","https://openalex.org/W4214917784"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2089114113","https://openalex.org/W2389555968","https://openalex.org/W2352634297","https://openalex.org/W2320550378","https://openalex.org/W4372347353","https://openalex.org/W2020144404","https://openalex.org/W2149615975","https://openalex.org/W2229640938","https://openalex.org/W2103062922","https://openalex.org/W2162299404"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Beam":[0],"tracking":[1,24,69,74,149],"is":[2,122],"essential":[3],"to":[4,37,56,71,124,139],"compensate":[5],"for":[6],"beam":[7,23,57,68,81,137],"misalignment":[8,58],"and":[9,59,80,107,146],"reduce":[10],"the":[11,29,33,73,93,97,104,109,114,116,126,141,148,155,158],"training":[12,40,136],"overhead":[13],"in":[14,50],"millimeter":[15],"wave":[16],"(mmWave)":[17],"systems.":[18],"In":[19,62],"high":[20],"mobility":[21],"scenarios,":[22],"can":[25],"be":[26],"implemented":[27],"with":[28],"spatial":[30,48,78,94],"information":[31,49,79,95],"of":[32,47,143,157],"user":[34],"equipment":[35],"(UE)":[36],"avoid":[38],"huge":[39],"overhead.":[41],"However,":[42],"there":[43],"are":[44],"estimation":[45,105],"errors":[46],"practical":[51],"systems,":[52],"which":[53],"may":[54],"lead":[55],"performance":[60,156],"degradation.":[61],"this":[63],"letter,":[64],"we":[65,102],"propose":[66,85,133],"a":[67,86,134],"algorithm":[70,121],"improve":[72,147],"accuracy":[75],"by":[76],"combining":[77],"training.":[82],"We":[83,131],"first":[84],"novel":[87,135],"channel":[88],"evolution":[89],"model":[90,110],"based":[91],"on":[92,113],"under":[96],"line-of-sight":[98],"(LOS)":[99],"condition.":[100],"Then":[101],"consider":[103],"error":[106],"modify":[108],"accordingly.":[111],"Based":[112],"model,":[115],"extended":[117],"Kalman":[118],"filter":[119],"(EKF)":[120],"utilized":[123],"track":[125],"beams":[127],"at":[128],"both":[129],"ends.":[130],"also":[132],"design":[138],"mitigate":[140],"non-linearity":[142],"measurement":[144],"function":[145],"accuracy.":[150],"Finally,":[151],"simulation":[152],"results":[153],"validate":[154],"proposed":[159],"algorithm.":[160]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}