{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285208261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3186160","title":"A Learning-Aided Flexible Gradient Descent Approach to MISO Beamforming","display_name":"A Learning-Aided Flexible Gradient Descent Approach to MISO Beamforming","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-24","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285208261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3186160"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2022.3186160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3186160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.10499","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101454044","display_name":"Zhixiong Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2667-3903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhixiong Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078507701","display_name":"Jingyuan Xia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4329-0354"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jing-Yuan Xia","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038040209","display_name":"Junshan Luo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4151-5126"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junshan Luo","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018019726","display_name":"Shuanghui Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7496-5433"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170215575","display_name":"National University of Defense Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05d2yfz11","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuanghui Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Electronic Engineering, National University of Defense Technology, Changsha, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016883501","display_name":"Den\u0131z G\u00fcnd\u00fcz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7725-395X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","display_name":"Imperial College London","ror":"https://ror.org/041kmwe10","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deniz Gunduz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Imperial College London, London, U.K","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101454044"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170215575"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.025,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.86528877,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"1895","last_page":"1899"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11946","display_name":"Antenna Design and Optimization","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10936","display_name":"Millimeter-Wave Propagation and Modeling","score":0.9987999796867371,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.6895641088485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6711950898170471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gradient-descent","display_name":"Gradient descent","score":0.5750157237052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/stochastic-gradient-descent","display_name":"Stochastic gradient descent","score":0.5314273834228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3703070282936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34968650341033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.2005414366722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.18108129501342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.17151996493339539}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.6895641088485718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6711950898170471},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153258448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1199743","display_name":"Gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.5750157237052917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206688291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7617819","display_name":"Stochastic gradient descent","level":3,"score":0.5314273834228516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3703070282936096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34968650341033936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.2005414366722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.18108129501342773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.17151996493339539}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2022.3186160","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3186160","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2206.10499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.10499","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.10499","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:iris.unimore.it:11380/1286025","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11380/1286025","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400718","display_name":"IRIS UNIMORE (University of Modena and Reggio Emilia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I122346577","host_organization_name":"University of Modena and Reggio Emilia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I122346577"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:spiral.imperial.ac.uk:10044/1/101001","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/101001","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401396","display_name":"Spiral (Imperial College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I47508984","host_organization_name":"Imperial College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47508984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"1899","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:2206.10499","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/2206.10499","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/2206.10499","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1081674953","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EPSRC-EP/T023600/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","funder_display_name":"CHIST-ERA"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3937783750","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62131020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5979008009","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61921001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6406952729","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2020RC3029","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7713788294","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62022091","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7846425480","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"677854","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","funder_display_name":"European Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8446454129","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"CHISTERA-18-SDCDN-001","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","funder_display_name":"CHIST-ERA"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8752154792","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62171448","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G98698327","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/T023600/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322843","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of\u00a0Hunan Province","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334678","display_name":"European Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0472cxd90"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338463","display_name":"CHIST-ERA","ror":"https://ror.org/00rbzpz17"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1522301498","https://openalex.org/W1970830346","https://openalex.org/W2040228063","https://openalex.org/W2096212850","https://openalex.org/W2115923417","https://openalex.org/W2131822606","https://openalex.org/W2144000019","https://openalex.org/W2163762663","https://openalex.org/W2164536085","https://openalex.org/W2616867685","https://openalex.org/W2751619344","https://openalex.org/W2810566158","https://openalex.org/W2905885786","https://openalex.org/W2908498346","https://openalex.org/W2963681970","https://openalex.org/W3040589146","https://openalex.org/W3085935744","https://openalex.org/W3087868801","https://openalex.org/W3099684761","https://openalex.org/W3152787073","https://openalex.org/W3163297254","https://openalex.org/W3196467959","https://openalex.org/W3200409881","https://openalex.org/W3201945250","https://openalex.org/W4285295676","https://openalex.org/W4378974380","https://openalex.org/W6631190155"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4206903459","https://openalex.org/W2754816816","https://openalex.org/W4366280654","https://openalex.org/W3160167280","https://openalex.org/W4231621013","https://openalex.org/W4362706668","https://openalex.org/W3008318776","https://openalex.org/W2041416246","https://openalex.org/W3020853991","https://openalex.org/W3035836947"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3,49,124],"learning":[4],"aided":[5],"gradient":[6,35],"descent":[7,36],"(LAGD)":[8],"algorithm":[9,27,79,109,116],"to":[10,101],"solve":[11],"the":[12,30,43,62,72,77,107,113],"weighted":[13],"sum":[14],"rate":[15],"(WSR)":[16],"maximization":[17],"problem":[18],"for":[19,89],"multiple-input":[20],"single-output":[21],"(MISO)":[22],"beamforming.":[23],"The":[24],"proposed":[25],"LAGD":[26,78,108],"directly":[28],"optimizes":[29],"transmit":[31],"precoder":[32],"through":[33],"implicit":[34],"based":[37],"iterations,":[38],"at":[39,83,132],"each":[40,59],"of":[41,61,112],"which":[42],"optimization":[44],"strategy":[45],"is":[46,54,66,130],"determined":[47],"by":[48],"neural":[50],"network,":[51],"and":[52,56,69,88],"thus,":[53],"dynamic":[55],"adaptive.":[57],"At":[58],"instance":[60],"problem,":[63],"this":[64],"network":[65],"initialized":[67],"randomly,":[68],"updated":[70],"throughout":[71],"iterative":[73],"solution":[74],"process.":[75],"Therefore,":[76],"can":[80,110],"be":[81],"implemented":[82],"any":[84],"signal-to-noise":[85],"ratio":[86],"(SNR)":[87],"arbitrary":[90],"antenna/user":[91],"numbers,":[92],"does":[93],"not":[94],"require":[95],"labelled":[96],"data":[97],"or":[98],"training":[99],"prior":[100],"deployment.":[102],"Numerical":[103],"results":[104],"show":[105],"that":[106],"outperform":[111],"well-known":[114],"WMMSE":[115],"as":[117,119],"well":[118],"other":[120],"learning-based":[121],"solutions":[122],"with":[123],"modest":[125],"computational":[126],"complexity.":[127],"Our":[128],"code":[129],"available":[131],"<uri":[133],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[134],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">https://github.com/XiaGroup/LAGD</uri>":[135],".":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}