{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4221145524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3180736","title":"Delay Alignment Modulation: Enabling Equalization-Free Single-Carrier Communication","display_name":"Delay Alignment Modulation: Enabling Equalization-Free Single-Carrier Communication","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-08","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4221145524","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3180736"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2022.3180736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3180736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067949963","display_name":"Haiquan Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3897-9950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haiquan Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3897-9950","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082336235","display_name":"Yong Zeng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-0434"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Pervasive Communication Research Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3670-0434","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory and the Frontiers Science Center for Mobile Information Communication and Security, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Pervasive Communication Research Center, Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.1786,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":36,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92395595,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"9","first_page":"1785","last_page":"1789"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/guard-interval","display_name":"Guard interval","score":0.7437020540237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6825388073921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersymbol-interference","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","score":0.6008797287940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/additive-white-gaussian-noise","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","score":0.5948638916015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmitter","display_name":"Transmitter","score":0.5876404047012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.5759965777397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carrier-frequency-offset","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","score":0.5721800923347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transmission","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","score":0.5050833821296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.48778802156448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.4827994108200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4797269403934479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.4426823854446411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.44138118624687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.4368566572666168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spectral-efficiency","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","score":0.4211893081665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-offset","display_name":"Frequency offset","score":0.2082916796207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1439080536365509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09192061424255371}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777796584","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132816","display_name":"Guard interval","level":4,"score":0.7437020540237427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6825388073921204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97812054","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2166055","display_name":"Intersymbol interference","level":3,"score":0.6008797287940979},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169334058","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353292","display_name":"Additive white Gaussian noise","level":3,"score":0.5948638916015625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47798520","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190157","display_name":"Transmitter","level":3,"score":0.5876404047012329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.5759965777397156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776108382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25111451","display_name":"Carrier frequency offset","level":5,"score":0.5721800923347473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.5050833821296692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.48778802156448364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.4827994108200073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4797269403934479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.4426823854446411},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.44138118624687195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.4368566572666168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137246740","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q583970","display_name":"Spectral efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4211893081665039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49319798","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5502874","display_name":"Frequency offset","level":4,"score":0.2082916796207428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1439080536365509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09192061424255371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2022.3180736","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3180736","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7967913303","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFB1803400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335787","display_name":"Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W595252221","https://openalex.org/W836396136","https://openalex.org/W1964793896","https://openalex.org/W1971443733","https://openalex.org/W1991056455","https://openalex.org/W2105862752","https://openalex.org/W2135780853","https://openalex.org/W2148318534","https://openalex.org/W2612254130","https://openalex.org/W2621345802","https://openalex.org/W2807719490","https://openalex.org/W2963673880","https://openalex.org/W2964227303","https://openalex.org/W3213225772","https://openalex.org/W4211120851"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1563542966","https://openalex.org/W1982984712","https://openalex.org/W2163897197","https://openalex.org/W2108870122","https://openalex.org/W2105503940","https://openalex.org/W1973762950","https://openalex.org/W2111874584","https://openalex.org/W1531540950","https://openalex.org/W2131790496","https://openalex.org/W2751364907"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"letter":[1],"proposes":[2],"a":[3],"novel":[4],"broadband":[5],"transmission":[6,110],"technology,":[7],"termed":[8],"<italic":[9],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[10],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">delay":[11],"alignment":[12],"modulation</i>":[13],"(DAM),":[14],"which":[15],"enables":[16],"the":[17,44,52,62,75,94,100,108,113,127,132,141,172],"low-complexity":[18],"equalization-free":[19],"single-carrier":[20],"communication,":[21],"yet":[22],"without":[23],"suffering":[24],"from":[25],"inter-symbol":[26],"interference":[27],"(ISI).":[28],"The":[29],"key":[30],"idea":[31],"of":[32,174],"DAM":[33,73,103,137],"is":[34,129,135],"to":[35,123,159,171],"deliberately":[36],"introduce":[37],"appropriate":[38],"delays":[39],"for":[40,74],"information-bearing":[41],"symbols":[42],"at":[43,61],"transmitter":[45],"side,":[46],"so":[47],"that":[48,70,125],"after":[49],"propagating":[50],"over":[51],"time-dispersive":[53],"channel,":[54],"all":[55],"multi-path":[56],"signal":[57],"components":[58],"will":[59],"arrive":[60],"receiver":[63],"simultaneously":[64],"and":[65,112,157],"constructively.":[66],"We":[67],"first":[68],"show":[69,124],"by":[71,146],"applying":[72],"basic":[76],"multiple-input":[77],"single-output":[78],"(MISO)":[79],"communication":[80],"system,":[81],"an":[82],"ISI-free":[83],"additive":[84],"white":[85],"Gaussian":[86],"noise":[87],"(AWGN)":[88],"system":[89],"can":[90],"be":[91],"obtained":[92],"with":[93,107],"simple":[95],"zero-forcing":[96],"(ZF)":[97],"beamforming.":[98,118],"Furthermore,":[99],"more":[101],"general":[102],"schemes":[104],"are":[105,121],"studied":[106],"ISI-maximal-ratio":[109],"(MRT)":[111],"ISI-minimum":[114],"mean-square":[115],"error":[116],"(MMSE)":[117],"Simulation":[119],"results":[120],"provided":[122],"when":[126],"channel":[128],"sparse":[130],"and/or":[131],"antenna":[133],"dimension":[134],"large,":[136],"not":[138],"only":[139],"resolves":[140],"notorious":[142],"practical":[143],"issues":[144],"suffered":[145],"orthogonal":[147],"frequency-division":[148],"multiplexing":[149],"(OFDM),":[150],"such":[151],"as":[152],"high":[153],"peak-to-average-power":[154],"ratio":[155],"(PAPR)":[156],"vulnerability":[158],"carrier":[160],"frequency":[161],"offset":[162],"(CFO),":[163],"but":[164],"also":[165],"achieves":[166],"higher":[167],"spectral":[168],"efficiency":[169],"due":[170],"saving":[173],"guard":[175],"interval":[176],"overhead.":[177]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-03T08:13:44.112507","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
