{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285310338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3177250","title":"DRL-Based Joint RAT Association, Power and Bandwidth Optimization for Future HetNets","display_name":"DRL-Based Joint RAT Association, Power and Bandwidth Optimization for Future HetNets","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-23","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285310338","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3177250"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2022.3177250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3177250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054520204","display_name":"Abdulmalik Alwarafy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0652-3948"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Abdulmalik Alwarafy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0652-3948","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048637322","display_name":"Bekir Sait \u00c7iftler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0229-0745"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bekir Sait Ciftler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037234286","display_name":"Mohamed Abdallah","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3261-7588"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohamed Abdallah","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3261-7588","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001299811","display_name":"Mounir Hamdi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9766-0085"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210144839","display_name":"Hamad bin Khalifa University","ror":"https://ror.org/03eyq4y97","country_code":"QA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}],"countries":["QA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mounir Hamdi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9766-0085","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Information and Computing Technology, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081018704","display_name":"Naofal Al\u2010Dhahir","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I162577319","display_name":"The University of Texas at Dallas","ror":"https://ror.org/049emcs32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Naofal Al-Dhahir","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9894-8382","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Erik Jonsson School of Engineering and Computer Science, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I162577319"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5054520204"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210144839"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2008,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":13,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77736071,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"7","first_page":"1503","last_page":"1507"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11392","display_name":"Energy Harvesting in Wireless Networks","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7700001001358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multihoming","display_name":"Multihoming","score":0.7283875346183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.687185525894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.602967381477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.5284925699234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth-allocation","display_name":"Bandwidth allocation","score":0.5207012295722961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.464344322681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.4523157477378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.41476112604141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.413334459066391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3957452178001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.3928378224372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.3890867233276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.16571134328842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.14235514402389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.12195849418640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11018532514572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.08545312285423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7700001001358032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C65714651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662626","display_name":"Multihoming","level":4,"score":0.7283875346183777},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.687185525894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.602967381477356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.5284925699234009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200157131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4854763","display_name":"Bandwidth allocation","level":3,"score":0.5207012295722961},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.464344322681427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.4523157477378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.41476112604141235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.413334459066391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3957452178001404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.3928378224372864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.3890867233276367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.16571134328842163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.14235514402389526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.12195849418640137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11018532514572144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.08545312285423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35341882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8795","display_name":"Internet Protocol","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2022.3177250","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3177250","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.hkust.edu.hk:1783.1-164010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.hkust.edu.hk/ir/Record/1783.1-164010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401796","display_name":"Rare & Special e-Zone (The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I200769079","host_organization_name":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200769079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/17","score":0.4300000071525574,"display_name":"Partnerships for the goals"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G917103061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"NPRP13S-0201- 200219","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309815","funder_display_name":"Qatar Foundation"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320309815","display_name":"Qatar Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/01cawbq05"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":15,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2625483604","https://openalex.org/W3006762012","https://openalex.org/W3015501413","https://openalex.org/W3094019951","https://openalex.org/W3103493968","https://openalex.org/W3128910074","https://openalex.org/W3134699139","https://openalex.org/W3180289372","https://openalex.org/W3182633163","https://openalex.org/W3183758503","https://openalex.org/W3216246916","https://openalex.org/W4206400910","https://openalex.org/W4213425359","https://openalex.org/W4221150634","https://openalex.org/W4226116688"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W6162353","https://openalex.org/W1755687156","https://openalex.org/W2062222314","https://openalex.org/W4381082124","https://openalex.org/W2134836654","https://openalex.org/W4285278887","https://openalex.org/W2365237642","https://openalex.org/W2995925505","https://openalex.org/W2773399470","https://openalex.org/W3116484972"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multi-radio":[0],"access":[1],"technologies":[2],"(RATs)":[3],"networks,":[4,26],"where":[5],"various":[6],"heterogeneous":[7],"networks":[8],"(HetNets)":[9],"coexist,":[10],"are":[11],"in":[12,50],"service":[13],"nowadays":[14],"and":[15,44,47,104],"considered":[16],"a":[17,82],"main":[18],"enabling":[19],"technology":[20],"for":[21],"future":[22],"networks.":[23],"In":[24,32],"such":[25],"managing":[27],"radio":[28],"resources":[29],"is":[30,56,64],"challenge.":[31],"this":[33],"letter,":[34],"we":[35,80],"address":[36],"the":[37,68,74,78,101,106],"problem":[38,55],"of":[39,77],"RATs-edge":[40],"devices":[41],"(EDs)":[42],"association":[43],"joint":[45],"power":[46],"bandwidth":[48],"allocation":[49],"multi-RAT":[51],"multi-homing":[52],"HetNets.":[53],"The":[54],"formulated":[57],"as":[58],"mixed-integer":[59],"non-linear":[60],"programming,":[61],"whose":[62],"objective":[63],"to":[65,73,89,112],"cost-effectively":[66],"maximize":[67],"network":[69,107],"constrained":[70],"sum-rate.":[71],"Due":[72],"high":[75],"complexity":[76],"problem,":[79],"propose":[81],"multi-agent":[83],"deep":[84],"reinforcement":[85],"learning":[86],"(DRL)-based":[87],"scheme":[88,98],"solve":[90],"it.":[91],"Simulation":[92],"results":[93],"show":[94],"that":[95],"our":[96],"proposed":[97],"efficiently":[99],"learns":[100],"optimal":[102],"policy":[103],"enhances":[105],"sum-rate":[108],"by":[109],"80.95%":[110],"compared":[111],"key":[113],"benchmarks.":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
