{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4285239188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3172878","title":"Optimal Joint Functional Split and Network Function Placement in Virtualized RAN With Splittable Flows","display_name":"Optimal Joint Functional Split and Network Function Placement in Virtualized RAN With Splittable Flows","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-05-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4285239188","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3172878"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2022.3172878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3172878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101855316","display_name":"Gabriel M. Almeida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3764-2336"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gabriel M. Almeida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de informática, Universidade Federal de Goiás (INF/UFG), Goiânia, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de informática, Universidade Federal de Goiás (INF/UFG), Goiânia, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002817871","display_name":"Leizer de Lima Pinto","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8750-5228"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leizer de L. Pinto","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de informática, Universidade Federal de Goiás (INF/UFG), Goiânia, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de informática, Universidade Federal de Goiás (INF/UFG), Goiânia, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070996471","display_name":"Cristiano Bonato Both","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9776-4888"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I61722147","display_name":"Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos","ror":"https://ror.org/05ctmmy43","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristiano B. Both","raw_affiliation_strings":["Applied Computing Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Porto Alegre, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Applied Computing Graduate Program, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos (UNISINOS), Porto Alegre, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I61722147"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071689195","display_name":"Kl\u00e9ber V. Cardoso","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5152-5323"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kleber V. Cardoso","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de informática, Universidade Federal de Goiás (INF/UFG), Goiânia, Brazil"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de informática, Universidade Federal de Goiás (INF/UFG), Goiânia, Brazil","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101855316"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.9018,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":21,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91115716,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"8","first_page":"1684","last_page":"1688"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10847","display_name":"Advanced Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10796","display_name":"Cooperative Communication and Network Coding","score":0.9972000122070312,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7921187877655029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5441821813583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/latency","display_name":"Latency (audio)","score":0.5431434512138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/integer-programming","display_name":"Integer programming","score":0.5316969156265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.49855899810791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-programming","display_name":"Linear programming","score":0.44688600301742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.43659764528274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/routing","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","score":0.4301384687423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.4270109534263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42610493302345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.11226558685302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10878720879554749}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7921187877655029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5441821813583374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82876162","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17096504","display_name":"Latency (audio)","level":2,"score":0.5431434512138367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56086750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6042592","display_name":"Integer programming","level":2,"score":0.5316969156265259},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.49855899810791016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41045048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202843","display_name":"Linear programming","level":2,"score":0.44688600301742554},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.43659764528274536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74172769","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1446839","display_name":"Routing (electronic design automation)","level":2,"score":0.4301384687423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.4270109534263611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42610493302345276},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.11226558685302734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10878720879554749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2022.3172878","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3172878","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.46000000834465027,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006738678","https://openalex.org/W2060860949","https://openalex.org/W2791939296","https://openalex.org/W2792819087","https://openalex.org/W2895059999","https://openalex.org/W2973990078","https://openalex.org/W3112342143","https://openalex.org/W3172535299","https://openalex.org/W4226124539","https://openalex.org/W4233232390"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2298102683","https://openalex.org/W2321338106","https://openalex.org/W4310470542","https://openalex.org/W1486656814","https://openalex.org/W3172764889","https://openalex.org/W1982719520","https://openalex.org/W1986890083","https://openalex.org/W2092519139","https://openalex.org/W4287199900","https://openalex.org/W1710241493"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Jointly":[0],"choosing":[1,43],"a":[2,15,69,89],"functional":[3,82,164],"split":[4],"of":[5,11,41,92,122,154],"the":[6,23,30,39,45,66,105,115,120,137,152],"protocol":[7],"stack":[8],"and":[9,52,55,97,118,147],"placement":[10],"network":[12,25,144],"functions":[13,47,99,134],"in":[14,33,75,104],"virtualized":[16,46],"RAN":[17,95],"is":[18,77,88,127],"critical":[19],"to":[20,80,113,128],"efficiently":[21],"using":[22],"access":[24],"resources.":[26,107],"This":[27],"problem":[28,67],"represents":[29],"latest":[31],"advancement":[32],"5G":[34],"networks":[35],"research,":[36],"which":[37,76],"involves":[38],"challenge":[40],"optimal":[42],"simultaneously":[44],"placement,":[48],"routing":[49],"(considering":[50,58],"latency":[51],"throughput":[53],"requirements),":[54],"resource":[56,142],"usage":[57],"vRAN":[59,98,123,133,138,148],"centralization).":[60],"In":[61,108],"this":[62,109],"letter,":[63],"we":[64,111],"solve":[65],"as":[68],"Mixed-Integer":[70],"Linear":[71],"Programming":[72],"(MILP)":[73],"problem,":[74],"possible":[78],"up":[79],"two":[81],"splits":[83,165],"per":[84],"base":[85],"station,":[86],"there":[87],"generic":[90],"set":[91],"viable":[93],"next-generation":[94],"configurations,":[96],"can":[100],"be":[101],"flexibly":[102],"positioned":[103],"computing":[106,116,141],"formulation,":[110],"aim":[112],"minimize":[114],"resources":[117,145],"maximize":[119],"centralization":[121],"functions.":[124],"Our":[125],"contribution":[126],"consider":[129],"splittable":[130],"flows":[131],"between":[132],"that":[135],"improve":[136],"efficiency":[139],"regarding":[140],"usage,":[143,146],"centralization.":[149],"We":[150],"illustrate":[151],"benefits":[153],"our":[155],"flexible":[156],"approach":[157],"by":[158,162,167],"evaluating":[159],"its":[160],"performance":[161],"employing":[163],"recommended":[166],"O-RAN":[168],"specifications.":[169]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}