{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4226104289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3163268","title":"Intelligent Passive Eavesdropping in Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems via Reinforcement Learning","display_name":"Intelligent Passive Eavesdropping in Massive MIMO-OFDM Systems via Reinforcement Learning","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4226104289","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3163268"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2022.3163268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3163268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102792736","display_name":"Jiawei Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-670X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jiawei Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9924-670X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Peng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5617-9300"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1299457549","display_name":"Civil Aviation Administration of China","ror":"https://ror.org/05gfwht30","country_code":"CN","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299457549","https://openalex.org/I4210127216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Southwest Regional Air Traffic Management Bureau, Chengdu, CAAC, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5617-9300","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Southwest Regional Air Traffic Management Bureau, Chengdu, CAAC, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1299457549"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041083348","display_name":"Lan Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1646-8455"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lan Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1646-8455","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022964450","display_name":"Yechao Bai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5244-674X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I881766915","display_name":"Nanjing University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxvg760","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yechao Bai","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5244-674X","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I881766915"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5045457613","display_name":"L\u00fcxi Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-1806"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lvxi Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1474-1806","affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Science and Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.46398012,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"6","first_page":"1248","last_page":"1252"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping","display_name":"Eavesdropping","score":0.9930602312088013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7857344150543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.7307900190353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.6570172309875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6012017130851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4830965995788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.45622026920318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo-ofdm","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","score":0.4310438334941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.3992408215999603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21002185344696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13476324081420898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.13119906187057495}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.9930602312088013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7857344150543213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.7307900190353394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.6570172309875488},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6012017130851746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4830965995788574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.45622026920318604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130946814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5988271","display_name":"MIMO-OFDM","level":4,"score":0.4310438334941864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.3992408215999603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21002185344696045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13476324081420898},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.13119906187057495}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2022.3163268","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2022.3163268","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.8799999952316284,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2496604068","display_name":"\u5206\u5e03\u5f0f\u901a\u4fe1\u7cfb\u7edf\u5b89\u5168\u9632\u62a4\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62072229","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2502139557","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61976113","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3630466707","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"U1936201","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3717019881","display_name":"\u57fa\u4e8e5G\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u65e0\u4eba\u673a\u63a2\u6d4b\u5173\u952e\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"62071220","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4661874508","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFE0113200","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2053521124","https://openalex.org/W2145339207","https://openalex.org/W2219510568","https://openalex.org/W2434195544","https://openalex.org/W2806002218","https://openalex.org/W2810329704","https://openalex.org/W2886525415","https://openalex.org/W2896737419","https://openalex.org/W2950373453","https://openalex.org/W2963194396","https://openalex.org/W2964218543","https://openalex.org/W2990233814","https://openalex.org/W3006705564","https://openalex.org/W3015351299","https://openalex.org/W3116877868","https://openalex.org/W3120586454","https://openalex.org/W3207876914"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2368710903","https://openalex.org/W4386360526","https://openalex.org/W2772112465","https://openalex.org/W4387918499","https://openalex.org/W2158905603","https://openalex.org/W2366188968","https://openalex.org/W2159772567","https://openalex.org/W2188042986","https://openalex.org/W2539022530","https://openalex.org/W2187587942"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Massive":[0],"multiple-input-multiple-output":[1],"(MIMO)":[2],"with":[3],"narrow":[4],"beam":[5],"enhances":[6],"the":[7,19,29,34,42,49,54,66,74,85,95,101,104],"confidentiality":[8],"of":[9,41,56,80,103],"communication":[10],"between":[11],"base":[12],"station":[13],"and":[14,61,69,78],"users,":[15],"but":[16],"also":[17],"increases":[18],"difficulty":[20],"for":[21],"legal":[22],"eavesdropping.":[23],"In":[24],"this":[25],"letter,":[26],"we":[27,83],"study":[28],"passive":[30],"eavesdropping":[31,51],"scheme":[32],"in":[33],"massive":[35],"MIMO-OFDM":[36],"systems":[37],"by":[38,63],"utilizing":[39],"mobility":[40],"monitor.":[43],"Our":[44],"objective":[45],"is":[46],"to":[47,73,93],"maximize":[48],"average":[50],"rate":[52],"under":[53],"constraints":[55],"energy":[57],"supply,":[58],"moving":[59,70],"direction":[60],"speed":[62],"jointly":[64],"optimizing":[65],"receiving":[67],"beamformers":[68],"trajectory.":[71],"Due":[72],"unknown":[75],"environment":[76],"knowledge":[77],"location":[79],"suspicious":[81],"user,":[82],"propose":[84],"solution":[86],"based":[87],"on":[88],"concatenated":[89],"deep":[90],"Q-network":[91],"(DQN)":[92],"obtain":[94],"optimal":[96],"solution.":[97],"Simulation":[98],"results":[99],"verify":[100],"validity":[102],"proposed":[105],"method.":[106]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}