{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3211967628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3126852","title":"Low-Cost Passive Beamforming for RIS-Aided Wideband OFDM Systems","display_name":"Low-Cost Passive Beamforming for RIS-Aided Wideband OFDM Systems","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-11-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3211967628","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3126852","mag":"3211967628"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3126852","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3126852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016258165","display_name":"Zhenyao He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4655-7635"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zhenyao He","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062298555","display_name":"Hong Shen","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hong Shen","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013867024","display_name":"Wei Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9341-8382"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210155350","display_name":"Purple Mountain Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/04zcbk583","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Wei Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Purple Mountain Laboratories, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210155350"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036568860","display_name":"Chunming Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2624-7322"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I76569877","display_name":"Southeast University","ror":"https://ror.org/04ct4d772","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chunming Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Mobile Communications Research Laboratory, Southeast University, Nanjing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5016258165"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I76569877"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5095,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":44,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93358088,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":98,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"2","first_page":"318","last_page":"322"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11458","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10326","display_name":"Indoor and Outdoor Localization Technologies","score":0.991100013256073,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10069","display_name":"Antenna Design and Analysis","score":0.9898999929428101,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2202","display_name":"Aerospace Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beamforming","display_name":"Beamforming","score":0.83616042137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/orthogonal-frequency-division-multiplexing","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","score":0.7646950483322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6343579292297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.5159676671028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computational-complexity-theory","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","score":0.506100594997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplexing","display_name":"Multiplexing","score":0.498903751373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.49327582120895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wsdma","display_name":"WSDMA","score":0.4848150312900543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4506877660751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/channel","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","score":0.36996614933013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.35879042744636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3236309885978699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mimo","display_name":"MIMO","score":0.22134080529212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.20451563596725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.19668346643447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/precoding","display_name":"Precoding","score":0.14958801865577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12761014699935913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54197355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5782992","display_name":"Beamforming","level":2,"score":0.83616042137146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40409654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q375889","display_name":"Orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing","level":3,"score":0.7646950483322144},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6343579292297363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.5159676671028137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179799912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205084","display_name":"Computational complexity theory","level":2,"score":0.506100594997406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19275194","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q222903","display_name":"Multiplexing","level":2,"score":0.498903751373291},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.49327582120895386},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57466844","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7955559","display_name":"WSDMA","level":5,"score":0.4848150312900543},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4506877660751343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.36996614933013916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.35879042744636536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3236309885978699},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207987634","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176862","display_name":"MIMO","level":3,"score":0.22134080529212952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.20451563596725464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.19668346643447876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160562895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7239557","display_name":"Precoding","level":4,"score":0.14958801865577698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12761014699935913}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3126852","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3126852","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9100000262260437,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3059739768","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6546769403","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62022026","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6886274034","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"BK20201263","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","funder_display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8882420975","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871109","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322769","display_name":"Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1559261959","https://openalex.org/W2508393166","https://openalex.org/W2535013035","https://openalex.org/W2795167939","https://openalex.org/W2805166665","https://openalex.org/W2891354184","https://openalex.org/W2950077417","https://openalex.org/W2950680381","https://openalex.org/W2963121727","https://openalex.org/W2969424089","https://openalex.org/W2971912794","https://openalex.org/W2995554704","https://openalex.org/W3002205212","https://openalex.org/W3005476696","https://openalex.org/W3011747750","https://openalex.org/W3015419519","https://openalex.org/W3039790476","https://openalex.org/W3043220753","https://openalex.org/W3097485127"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2780252087","https://openalex.org/W2890273742","https://openalex.org/W2121063273","https://openalex.org/W2337309234","https://openalex.org/W2130902301","https://openalex.org/W1981344466","https://openalex.org/W4390447722","https://openalex.org/W2923631784","https://openalex.org/W2092456355","https://openalex.org/W2384638277"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Reconfigurable":[0],"intelligent":[1],"surface":[2],"(RIS)":[3],"has":[4],"become":[5],"a":[6,22,61,73],"promising":[7],"solution":[8,75],"to":[9,35,66],"improve":[10],"the":[11,36,42,68,85,92,96],"performance":[12,94],"of":[13],"future":[14],"wireless":[15],"systems":[16],"with":[17,33,100],"low":[18],"energy":[19],"consumptions.":[20],"Concerning":[21],"RIS-aided":[23],"orthogonal":[24],"frequency":[25],"division":[26],"multiplexing":[27],"(OFDM)":[28],"system,":[29],"we":[30,59],"perform":[31],"optimization":[32],"respect":[34],"RIS":[37,69,87],"passive":[38,70,88],"beamforming":[39,89],"such":[40],"that":[41,84],"sum":[43],"rate":[44],"over":[45],"all":[46],"subcarriers":[47],"is":[48,76],"maximized.":[49],"Different":[50],"from":[51],"an":[52],"existing":[53],"successive":[54],"convex":[55],"approximation":[56],"(SCA)":[57],"method,":[58],"propose":[60],"majorization-minimization":[62],"(MM)-based":[63],"iterative":[64],"approach":[65],"optimize":[67],"beamforming,":[71],"where":[72],"closed-form":[74],"obtained":[77],"in":[78],"each":[79],"iteration.":[80],"Simulation":[81],"results":[82],"show":[83],"proposed":[86],"achieves":[90],"almost":[91],"same":[93],"as":[95],"SCA-based":[97],"method":[98],"while":[99],"much":[101],"lower":[102],"computational":[103],"complexity.":[104]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}