{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3208493505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3123733","title":"Slicing Framework for Service Level Agreement Guarantee in Heterogeneous Networks\u2014A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","display_name":"Slicing Framework for Service Level Agreement Guarantee in Heterogeneous Networks\u2014A Deep Reinforcement Learning Approach","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3208493505","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3123733","mag":"3208493505"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3123733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3123733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100766122","display_name":"Heng Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1272-698X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Heng Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084521046","display_name":"Shugong Xu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1905-6269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shugong Xu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019052479","display_name":"Shunqing Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5156-9235"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shunqing Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008150938","display_name":"Zhiyuan Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8522-5721"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I113940042","display_name":"Shanghai University","ror":"https://ror.org/006teas31","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhiyuan Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Shanghai Institute for Advanced Communication and Data Science, School of Information and Communication Engineering, Shanghai University, Shanghai, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100766122"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I113940042"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4167,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81583925,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"193","last_page":"197"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10148","display_name":"Advanced MIMO Systems Optimization","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10714","display_name":"Software-Defined Networks and 5G","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12791","display_name":"Full-Duplex Wireless Communications","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8414267301559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/slicing","display_name":"Slicing","score":0.7850282192230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.7746819257736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/base-station","display_name":"Base station","score":0.7299444675445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.6621174812316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reuse","display_name":"Reuse","score":0.5632770657539368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.5407455563545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless-network","display_name":"Wireless network","score":0.5140894055366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-level-agreement","display_name":"Service-level agreement","score":0.48821118474006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/q-learning","display_name":"Q-learning","score":0.4579135775566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/heterogeneous-network","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","score":0.43644705414772034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.4210602939128876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-allocation","display_name":"Resource allocation","score":0.41051140427589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.28957119584083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.13884788751602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.13621920347213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.08015188574790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.06895440816879272}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8414267301559448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776190703","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q488148","display_name":"Slicing","level":2,"score":0.7850282192230225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.7746819257736206},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68649174","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1379116","display_name":"Base station","level":2,"score":0.7299444675445557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.6621174812316895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206588197","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846574","display_name":"Reuse","level":2,"score":0.5632770657539368},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.5407455563545227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108037233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11375","display_name":"Wireless network","level":3,"score":0.5140894055366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778160497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869830","display_name":"Service-level agreement","level":3,"score":0.48821118474006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188116033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2664563","display_name":"Q-learning","level":3,"score":0.4579135775566101},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158207573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5747224","display_name":"Heterogeneous network","level":4,"score":0.43644705414772034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.4210602939128876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29202148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q287260","display_name":"Resource allocation","level":2,"score":0.41051140427589417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.28957119584083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.13884788751602173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13621920347213745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.08015188574790955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.06895440816879272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C548081761","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180388","display_name":"Waste management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/lwc.2021.3123733","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/lwc.2021.3123733","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2500830676","display_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","issn_l":"2162-2337","issn":["2162-2337","2162-2345"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319808","host_organization_name":"Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319808"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Wireless Communications Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1345106061","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61871262","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3268789355","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61901251","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G446272656","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2017YFE0121400","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6650064338","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"62071284","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8071106521","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"2019YFE0196600","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","funder_display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335777","display_name":"National Key Research and Development Program of China","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978645034","https://openalex.org/W2106864314","https://openalex.org/W2158510188","https://openalex.org/W2612074600","https://openalex.org/W2948712218","https://openalex.org/W2954022626","https://openalex.org/W2968986602","https://openalex.org/W3006737624","https://openalex.org/W3008502609","https://openalex.org/W3016325548","https://openalex.org/W3110381504","https://openalex.org/W3117157484","https://openalex.org/W3132526154","https://openalex.org/W3134502172"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2393746923","https://openalex.org/W2972496411","https://openalex.org/W4239223006","https://openalex.org/W3033662781","https://openalex.org/W2137530048","https://openalex.org/W2360869927","https://openalex.org/W2050876785","https://openalex.org/W2074642116","https://openalex.org/W3164401656","https://openalex.org/W2795085641"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,21],"5G":[1],"scenarios,":[2],"network":[3,68],"slicing":[4,28,33,84],"and":[5,35,63,100],"multi-tier":[6],"heterogeneous":[7,45,104],"networks":[8],"are":[9],"critical":[10],"to":[11,106],"guarantee":[12,107],"the":[13,51,65,83,108],"service":[14],"level":[15],"agreement":[16],"(SLA)":[17],"of":[18,67],"various":[19],"services.":[20],"this":[22],"letter,":[23],"a":[24,43,56,72,87,92],"dynamic":[25],"radio":[26,97],"resource":[27,85,98],"framework":[29,49],"considering":[30],"joint":[31],"bandwidth":[32],"ratios":[34],"base":[36],"station":[37],"(BS)-user":[38],"association":[39,102],"is":[40,76],"presented":[41],"for":[42,81],"two-tier":[44],"wireless":[46],"network.":[47],"This":[48],"maximizes":[50],"spectrum":[52],"reuse":[53],"ratio":[54],"through":[55],"two-step":[57],"deep":[58],"reinforcement":[59],"learning":[60],"(DRL)":[61],"method,":[62],"guarantees":[64],"SLA":[66],"slices":[69],"simultaneously.":[70],"Specially,":[71],"distributed":[73],"agent":[74,94],"(D-Agent)":[75],"deployed":[77],"at":[78],"each":[79],"BS":[80,89],"acquiring":[82],"in":[86],"single":[88],"level.":[90],"Meanwhile,":[91],"centralized":[93],"(C-Agent)":[95],"manages":[96],"allocation":[99],"user":[101],"among":[103],"BSs":[105],"SLA.":[109]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-03-27T05:58:40.876381","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
